Sociology Exam Two Review

Front 1

Social Stratification

Back 1

A system by which categories of people in a society are ranked in a hierarchy

Front 2

Social mobility

Back 2

Changes in people’s position within the system of social stratification

Front 3

Objective Method

Back 3

Method of measuring social class where categories derived statistically from income, education, prestige, etc.

Front 4

Self-Placement Method

Back 4

Method of measuring social class where is subjective… ask people what class they feel they belong to

Front 5

Reputational Method

Back 5

Method of measuring social class where you ask others to classify individuals

Front 6

Sex

Back 6

The division of humanity into biological categories of male and female (XX vs. XY)

Front 7

Gender

Back 7

The sociocultural distinction between males and females

Culturally learned differences

Front 8

Gender Roles

Back 8

Sets of cultural expectations that define the ways men and women should behave

Front 9

Gender Identity

Back 9

Our conceptions we have of ourselves as being a man or woman

Emerges through social interactions

Front 10

Sexism

Back 10

A set of cultural and social processes that justify and promote disadvantage for women

Front 11

Patriarchy

Back 11

A system of social organization in which men have a disproportionate share of power

Front 12

Glass Ceiling

Back 12

An invisible but impenetrable barrier to the upper levels of management

Found mainly in fields where males dominate workforce

Front 13

Glass Escalator

Back 13

An invisible fast track taking men further up than the intended to go in female dominated occupations

Front 14

Race

Back 14

A group of people who see themselves and are seen by others as having hereditary traits that set them apart

Front 15

Ethnicity

Back 15

A cultural heritage shared by a category of people

Front 16

Race-ethnicity

Back 16

Common measure used to classify individuals into groups

Front 17

Distinctive Identity

Back 17

Physical or cultural traits that distinguish it from the dominant group

Front 18

Subordination

Back 18

Part of the social stratification system

Lack power relative to dominant group

Front 19

Endogamy

Back 19

Marrying within one’s social category

Front 20

Prejudice

Back 20

Attitudes of aversion or hostility toward a group’s members

Front 21

Discrimination

Back 21

Arbitrary denial of privilege, prestige, and power to members of a minority group whose qualifications are equal to those of the dominant group

Front 22

Institutional Discrimination

Back 22

Patterns of discrimination that are woven into the fabric of society

Equal opportunities does not mean equal outcome

Front 23

Assimilation

Back 23

Process by which minorities gradually adopt the patterns of the dominant culture

Front 24

Acculturation

Back 24

When one groups culture becomes more like that of another groups

Front 25

Integration

Back 25

Members of different groups participate together in major social institutions (ex: school)

Front 26

Amalgamation

Back 26

Marriage across groups and merging of ethnic identities

Front 27

Pluralism

Back 27

A situation in which diverse groups coexist and boundaries between them are maintained

Front 28

Equalitarian Pluralism

Back 28

Minority groups wish to retain their own values and customs – they may not want to assimilate

Front 29

Inequalitarian Pluralism

Back 29

Dominant group maintains its power over minority groups

Front 30

Absolute poverty

Back 30

Uses the official poverty definition

Front 31

Relative poverty

Back 31

Not having enough money to maintain an average standard of living

Front 32

The Sick role

Back 32

Set of cultural expectations that define what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior for people with a disease or health problem