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42 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Deviance
Society determines something violates the norm; One that differs from a norm, especially a person whose behavior and attitudes differ from accepted social standards; Any behavior that departs from societal or group norms
Corporate crime
Corporate crime is difficult to prosecute because the people are in powerful positions and they normally know within the law what they can get away with. They also know that when a corporate crime is committed it’s hard to identify victims because people don’t come forward
Political Crime
Political crimes are the same way. These people are in powerful positions so they do not get in trouble. They often don’t get caught, and if they do they get a lighter sentence. The government makes the argument that political crimes are “good for the country.”
Labeling
result of primary deviance in which society labels a person
Primary Deviance
The first act of deviance where you are either noticed or caught
Cooley
looking glass self - we are a mirror image of what our friends, parents, teachers, etc want us to be; "I am who you want me to be"
Protestant Ethic
work hard (treat people on how they want to work; give a good days work; be thrifty
cultural relativity
the idea that any given aspect of a particular culture should be evaluated in relation to its place within the larger cultural context of which it is a part rather than according to some alleged universal standard that is applied across all cultures.
deterrence
scare others not to do crime
Significant Others
mentor - do we choose someone to be a mentor for us
Revenge
1st of 4Rs; 1600s; good versus evil concept; must eliminate evil; public hanging; burning at stake; ship of fools-mentally ill thrown onto a ship and forcing them to survive elements
Restraint
2nd of 4Rs; 1700s - age of enlightenment; man was a rational person; man could be reformed;
d. Public stockade
e. Dungeon
f. Scarlet letter
g. Helmet
i. Used for people who slandered their neighbors
h. Exorcism
i. Electronic monitoring
j. Wear signs
Reintegration
1950
n. Put offender back into community
o. $14,000 to keep a person in jail
p. Work-release programs
q. Halfway house
r. Probation/parole programs (more community based)
Reformation
1800s – prison system
k. For the first time they have a prison system
i. Pennsylvania
l. 1868 – probation/parole
m. 1865 – Devil’s Island
i. Prison in New Guinea where offenders work off their prison time
1. This sets off the concept of early release
Freud
i. Id – impulsive
ii. Ego – reality (balance)
iii. Superego – compulsive
1. Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital stages
2. Personality developed by age 5
3. Adults at age 13
4. Believed that all people were inherently evil
5. Transactional Analysis (TA)
a. Parent
b. Adult
c. Child
Radical nonintervention
Try to intercede between primary and secondary deviance to stop the label. We are trying to remove the consequence of the label.
Looking glass self
Cooley; we are a mirror image of what our friends, parents, teachers, etc want us to be; "I am who you want me to be"
Cultural diversity
Different societies have different beliefs, norms, values, and sanctions, but various groups within the same society have their own cultural patterns.
Retribution
The public demand that criminals pay compensation equal to their offenses against society
Incapacitation
removed from society; incapacitated so that they cannot commit another crime
Counterculture
a subculture that is deliberately and consciously opposed to certain central aspects of the dominant culture.
Skin-heads, militia
Subculture
A group that is part of the dominant culture but differs from it in some important respects
Appalachians, Amish
Ascribed status
a status within a social structure that is not earned or chosen, but is assigned
Achieved status
a status within a social structure occupied because of an individual’s efforts
Secondary deviance
Community now looks at you differently; you may commit another act of deviance; deviance as a lifestyle and personal identity
Mead
Significant other - mentor - do we choose someone to be a mentor for us? Generalized other - identify with a collective

Generalized other: collective
Deferred gratification
Wait for the reward
Punishment
Consequence relative to what the crime was
Rehabilitation
The resocialization of criminals into conformity with the legal code of society
Recidivism
A return to crime after prison
Know the importance of culture to a society.
Culture underlines human social behavior, human behavior is then based on culture. The social classification system consists of three major dimensions of culture: the normative, cognitive, and material.
-Culture is a society's way of life
Know the components of culture - values, norms, statuses
Norms- are rules defining appropriate and inappropriate behavior, cultural norms are rules that specify way of behaving for specific situations. They are ingrained that they guide our social behavior without our awareness.

Values- are broad cultural principles that most people in a society consider desirable, important because they have tremendous influence on human social behavior.

Statuses- a position a person occupies within a social structure.
Know the difference between culture relativity and cultural diversity
Culture diversity- melting pot, many cultures in one specific area of a country, it exists in all societies in part due to the presence of social categories.

Culture relativity- it is tolerant of others. It gives us a unique window through which to observe cultural variations.
Know what is meant by ethnocentric
Ethnocentric- the tendency to judge others in relation to one’s own cultural standards.
Know the difference between a counterculture and subculture
Counterculture- is a subculture that is deliberately and consciously opposed to certain central aspects of the dominant culture.

Subculture- is a group that is part of dominant culture but differs from it in some important respects.
What is meant by socialization and what were the theories we discusses in class?
To bring newcomers into the societ
Modal personality
Looking glass self - I am who I think you want me to be.
Significant other - Most of us will seek out a mentor
Generalized other - collective
What are the four R's or corrections ideology?
Revenge, restraint, reformation, reintegration
Why is Lombroso relavent to the field of deviance?
He concluded that men who commit crime are very ape-like
What are the biological theories on deviance?
The reason you are deviant is because you have some sort of physical defect
What are the psychological theories on deviance?
If you are deviant, it’s because your mind or your personality is defective
What are the sociological theories on deviance?
Environment is responsible for deviance
How are primary deviance, secondary deviance, labeling, and radical nonintervention related to each other?
A. Primary deviance
1. The first act of deviance where you are either noticed, or from a legal standpoint, you are caught
2. Sometimes it is noticed, but they are not “caught”. We still label them.
3. After this, there is labeling
a. Label them loners, strangers, mentally ill, chemically dependent
4. Once the person is labeled, you have:
B. Secondary deviance
1. Community now looks at you differently
2. You may commit another act of deviance
C. We try to intercede between primary and secondary and stop the label
a. They go through a program (radical nonintervention)
i. We are trying to remove the consequences of the label