Sociology Exam 2

Front 1

A relatively fixed, hierarchical arrangement in society by which groups have different access to resources, power, and perceived social worth is called?

Back 1

Social stratification

Front 2

The feudal societies of Europe in the Middle ages are an example of an ? system of stratification. 1st Estate-clergy, 2nd Estate- noble king, queen, 3rd Estate-everyone else lawyers, doctors. merchants, peasants

Back 2

Estate

Front 3

The primary basis for stratification in the U.S. is? Social ranking based primarily on economic position. Occupy similar position in the economic system or production.

Back 3

Class

Front 4

In 2007, in order for a person to be in the top 400 wealthiest people in the U.S. on has to have more than?

Back 4

1.3 billion

Front 5

According to the ? perspective, the most vital jobs in society usually receive the greatest economic rewards.

Back 5

Functionalist

Front 6

Which sociology theory argues that the elite shape societal beliefs and practices in order to make their own privileges appear legitimate and fair?

Back 6

Conflict theory

Front 7

? theory emphasizes cohesion in society, while ? theory emphasizes friction between groups.

Back 7

Functionalist/Conflict

Front 8

According to the modernization theory?

Back 8

Economic development is dependent on technological change

Front 9

According to? poverty results from the dependence of low income countries on wealthy nations. Because of exploitation by wealthy countries & multinational corporations based in wealthy countries.

Back 9

Dependency theory, Marxist

Front 10

? theory explains global inequality using the characeristics of individual nations; ? Countries are CONNECTED by expansion of a CAPITALIST world economy made up of core, semiperiphery, and periphery countries.Immanuel Wallerstein

Back 10

Modernization/World systems

Front 11

The complex system that includes a groups beliefs, values, dress, and way of life is called?

Back 11

Culture

Front 12

The theory that language determines other aspects of culture since language shapes the way that people perceive the world is called the?

Back 12

Sapir Whorf hypothesis

Front 13

Back 13

World Systems Theory

Front 14

The early sociologist who identified two different types of norms is?

Back 14

William Graham Sumner

Front 15

? theorists are most likely to emphasize that cultural norms and beliefs integrate people into groups and create social bonds.

Back 15

Functionalist

Front 16

Which type of theorists is most likely to emphasize that culture serves the interest of powerful group in society?

Back 16

Conflict Theory

Front 17

The theoretical perspective that examines how culture creates group identity from diverse cultural meanings is ?

Back 17

Symbolic Interaction

Front 18

Characteristics of culture?

Back 18

learned
shared
symbolic
taken for granted
varies across time and place

Front 19

Elements of culture?

Back 19

Norms
Values
Language
Beliefs

Front 20

Tendency to assume that one’s own culture and way of life represents the norm or is superior to others.

Back 20

Ethnocentrism

Front 21

The process through which people learn the expectations of society

Back 21

Socialization

Front 22

What are the agents of socialization?

Back 22

1. Family
2. Mass Media
3. Peers
4. Religion
5. Sports
6. Schools

Front 23

The ? is a primary agent of socialization

Back 23

Family

Front 24

Agents of family socialization?

Back 24

–It is the first source of a child’s socialization.
–It is where the child learns his self-identity.
–It introduces children to society’s expectations of
them.
–It teaches children the basic rights and wrongs,
practices, norms, and values of the culture they
live in.

Front 25

? are those with whom you interact on equal terms, such as friends, fellow students, and coworkers

Back 25

Peers

Front 26

? is the process by which
different statuses develop in any group, organization, or society.

Back 26

Social differentiation

Front 27

? is a system in which a small elite group (owners of property and power) have total control over society’s resources.

Back 27

Estate

Front 28

? is a system where status is assigned based on one’s ascribed status. Hereditary rank, usually religiously dictated, tends to be fixed and immobile, uniquely Indian 4 castes: Brahmans (priests) Kshatriyas (warriors) Vaisyas (skilled traders) Sudras (Pariah) "Harijans" Unskilled workerr, untouchables, poorest of the poor

Back 28

Caste

Front 29

? is a system based primarily on achieved status; however one’s ascribed status can matter.

Back 29

Class

Front 30

Three Dimensions to Stratification?

Back 30

Class
Status
Party

Front 31

? is a common term for social
class position as class is primarily measured in
economic terms, especially when social classes are
compared internationally.

Back 31

Socioeconomic status

Front 32

Back 32

4 Castes

Front 33

? is what one owns minus debts

Back 33

Wealth

Front 34

? is movement between
generations. Changes in social position of children relative to their parents. Parent was president, you are stupid.

Back 34

Intergenerational

Front 35

? is movement within the same
generation. Changes in social position within a person's adult life

Back 35

Intragenerational

Front 36

? is the amount of money needed to support the basic needs of a household.

Back 36

Poverty Line

Front 37

? is comprised those who have acquired considerable wealth within their own generation

Back 37

Nouveau Rich

Front 38

Jean Piaget believed what?

Back 38

that learning was crucial to socialization but that imagination also had a critical role

Front 39

Jean Piaget is associated with what theory?

Back 39

Social Learning Theory

Front 40

What are the mental categories that the mind organizes experiences into are?

Back 40

Schema

Front 41

What is the first part of Charles Horton Cooley's "looking glass self"?

Back 41

how we think we appear to others

Front 42

Young children use their senses to make discoveries

Back 42

Sensorimotor

Front 43

Children begin to use words and symbols to distinguish objects and ideas

Back 43

Preoperational

Front 44

Children engage in more logical thinking

Back 44

Concrete operational

Front 45

Adolescents became capable of sophisticated abstract thought and can deal with ideas and values in a logical manner.

Back 45

Formal operational

Front 46

What are Piaget's cognitive development stages?

Back 46

Sensormotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Formal operational

Front 47

The two classical concepts that are associated with the work of William Grahm Sumner are?

Back 47

folkways and ethnocentrism.

Front 48

? is the psychological state in which an individual holds a proposition or premise to be true.

Back 48

Belief