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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sociology |
scientific study of society and human interaction |
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sociological perspective |
being able to see that people are affected by the culture and time in history the person lives in |
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comte's 3 stages |
1) theological stage: religion explains things 2) metaphysical stage: reason explains things 3) scientific stage: science explains things |
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structural functionalism |
-different parts of a society working together to ensure a societies smooth functioning -durkhiem -macrotheory |
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(social) conflict theory |
-conflict is a natural / typical occurrence and is what drives a society -marx -macrotheory |
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symbolic interactionism |
-microtheory -the sociology of everyday life (how small groups interact with eachother -university of chigaco |
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scientific method steps |
1) select topic/ narrow it down 2)review literature 3) hypothesis 4) decide metheds 5) collect data 6) anallize data 7) draw conclusions about data 8) write up results and share findings
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hypothesis |
educated guess about the relationship between 2 variables |
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methods |
experiment - lab -field surveys observations -non participant observation/detached observation -participant observation -using existing data -content analysis |
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concept |
social class, gender |
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variables |
concept whose values change (age, edu) |
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opperational definition |
very specific def what it does and doesn't include |
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reliability |
consistancy in measurement |
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validity |
does it measure what its supposed to |
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correlation |
association or predictability |
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culture |
the total way of life of a particular people |
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material culture vs non material culture |
physical things vs ideas |
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society |
people who share a common culture and a common territory |
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subculture vs counter culture |
-culture with in a culture -subculture: like dominant group -counter culture: have ideas opposed to dominant group |
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ethnocentrism |
seeing and judging a another culture in terms of your own cultures standards |
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cultural reletivism |
seeing and judging a another culture in terms of its own cultures standards |
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norms |
-expectations/guidlines for behavior |
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folkways |
norms of less importance |
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mores |
norms of greater importance |
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taboo |
absolutely forbidden |
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values |
standards of judgement |
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high culture |
culture patterns that distinguish a societies elite |
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popular culture |
cultural patterns that are wide spread among a societies pop |
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core values |
-made by williams after civil rights movemnt 1) acheivemnt and success 2)material comfort 3) activity and work 4) progress 5) practicality and effieciency 6) science 7) freedom 8) democracy 9) free enterprize 10) equal opportunity |
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global communication |
flow of info |
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global economy |
flow of goods and services |
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global migration |
flow of people |
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hunting and gathering society |
-hunt wild animals and gather veg -bowl, cutting utensil -nomadic -most equal of all societies
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pastoral and horticultural society |
-garden and animals in pasture -digging stick, hoe
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agrarian society |
agriculture plow development of cities |
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industrial society |
-steam engine, machine power, factories -ppl move from farm to cities
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post industrial society |
-microchip -rise of service industries |
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who did what |
society and tec: lenski society and conflict: marx society and rationalization: weber society and function: durhiem
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2 classes of people in industrial society |
-capitalists:owners -Proletariat:workers |
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class conflict |
struggle between 2 classes |
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false consciousness |
capitalists lie to say its fair and make workers work |
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class consciousness |
workers need to know the situation is unjust |
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the answer to class conflict |
revolution--> replace old system with system without classes |
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alienation |
isolation and misery that results from powerlessness |
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capitalism and alienation |
alienation from -no choice in work type -workers -human potensial -products they made |
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tradition |
customs, values, norms that are passed along from 1 gen to next |
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rationality |
way of thinking that emphasizes deliberate, matter of fact, calculation |
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the rationalization of a society |
the historical change of society from traditional to rational |
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marx vs weber (is capitalism rational) |
WEBER: yes - making money makes sense MARX: no - creates inequality and fails to meet needs of majority of pop |
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webers book |
The prodestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism |
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inner worldly ascetism |
work hard to get ahead economically and reinvest capital |
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predestination |
-god has alread sealed your rate (heaven v hell) -worldy economical success is a sign of gods approval |
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bureacracies |
rational organizations |
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social fact |
-whole is greater than its parts - objective realities (norms, culture, values) that exist over and above the individual , but exert great influence on the individual and groups |
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division of labor |
gvv |
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mechanical solidarity society |
-preindustrial -same/similar types of tasks performed ex) hunter and gatherer |
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organic solidarity society |
-industrial -very different types of tasks and a great deal of division of labor |
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anomie |
-normallessness -idea of a state of change --> norms changing --> may produce alienation (don't know norms to follow) |
