Sociology Chapters 5-10

Front 1

The position that one occupies in society

Back 1

Status

Front 2

Conferred on us by virtue of birth or other significant factors not controlled by our own actions

Back 2

Ascribed status

Front 3

Occupied as a result of the individuals actions (student, professor, bus driver, car mechanic, etc.)

Back 3

Achieved status

Front 4

Multiple statuses’ and usually one overpowers the others (a mother is a nurse and a wife)

Back 4

Master status

Front 5

The behaviors, obligations, and privileges attached to a status

Back 5

Role

Front 6

When you behave a certain way trying to leave a good impression on someone.

Back 6

Impression management (darmaturgy)

Front 7

A person is not behaving the way they are expected to, so we question their behavior.

Back 7

Role performance

Front 8

Friends and family (emotional investment in one another)

Back 8

Primary group

Front 9

Co-workers and customers (less intimacy with one another)

Back 9

Secondary group

Front 10

A group or social category that an individual uses to help define beliefs, attitudes, and values and to guide behavior

Back 10

Reference group

Front 11

Contains two people (military, police buddy, missionaries)

Back 11

Dyad

Front 12

The addition of a third member

Back 12

Triad

Front 13

A leader works to keep relations among group members harmonious and morale high.

Back 13

Expressive leader

Front 14

A leader actively proposes tasks and plans to guide the group toward achieving its goals.

Back 14

Instrumental leader

Front 15

A formal, rationally organized social structure with clearly defined patterns of activity in which, ideally, every series of actions is functionally related to the purpose of the organization.

Back 15

Bureaucracy

Front 16

1. hierarchy
2. division of labor
3. written rules
4. records
5. impersonality
6. meritocracy

Back 16

Bureaucracy

Front 17

1. Red Tape
2. Poor communication (Hurricane Katrina)
3. Alienation

Back 17

Dysfunctions of bureaucracies

Front 18

Extra paperwork to make sure you’re legit, it can be discouraging.

Back 18

Red tape

Front 19

When people feel disconnected

Back 19

Alienation

Front 20

Behavior that is different from the norm.

Back 20

Deviance

Front 21

Genetics, hormones, etc ( many men who were in jail for violent crimes had higher testosterone, same sex identical twins have 50% chance of being gay if the other is gay).

Back 21

Biological explanation

Front 22

Sociopath’s, mentally disturbed

Back 22

Psychological explanation

Front 23

People learning from others ( jail, colts, kkk, etc.)

Back 23

Sociological explanation

Front 24

1. Differential Association Theory
2. Control Theory with inner and outer controls
3. Labeling Theory

Back 24

Symbolic Interactionism

Front 25

Based on the central notion that criminal behavior is learned in the context of intimate groups

Back 25

Differential Association Theory

Front 26

The intent parents have when putting a child in an afterschool program, trying to keep them of out trouble.

Back 26

Outer control

Front 27

Teaching the child to behave and trying to keep them out of trouble.

Back 27

Inner control

Front 28

When a child believes what they are told about themselves and they turn out to be that way (calling a child a loser and they believe that, so they do not do well in life or telling a child they can do anything they put their minds to and they do well in life).

Back 28

Labeling theory

Front 29

1. Deviance helps us define the boundaries of our social norms.
2. The reaction to deviance helps reinforce social norms.
3. The punishment of deviant behavior helps create social unity.
4. Deviance helps bring about need social change

Back 29

Functionalist Perspective

Front 30

We are reminded of boundaries when a teacher curses, a student answers the phone and leaves class, an employee shows up to work in shorts, etc.

Back 30

Deviance helps us define the boundaries of our social norms

Front 31

When someone breaks the rules and the rules become stronger enforced.

Back 31

The reaction to deviance helps reinforce social norms.

Front 32

Nazi’s hurting Jews, throwing rocks at prostitutes, picking on an outcast, which creates unity.

Back 32

The punishment of deviant behavior helps create social unity.

Front 33

Women and minorities being educated to be part of the workforce.

Back 33

Deviance helps bring about need social change.

Front 34

The poor and minorities in society are targeted and punished more harshly by those who make and enforce our laws. The crimes committed by those in power are not punished harshly if at all.

Back 34

Conflict theory

Front 35

The acts of individuals who, while occupying positions of social responsibility or high prestige, break the law in the course of their work for the purpose of personal gain or organizational gain (Martha Stewart or Viox – sold false pain medication that killed many people).

Back 35

White collar crime

Front 36

1. Racial Profiling
2. Selective Enforcement
3. Unequal laws -
4. Judge or Jury Bias
5. Not enough money for a good defense.

Back 36

Reasons why poor and minorities get unequal justice

Front 37

In the U.S. whites has the highest percentage of poverty because they are the majority.

Back 37

Poverty by race

Front 38

Women have the highest rate of poverty, in every occupation except in porn and prostitution.

Back 38

Poverty by gender

Front 39

People in certain states or areas are 2 to 3 times more likely to be poor.

Back 39

Poverty by geography

Front 40

Children are the poorest because they are born into poor families.

Back 40

Poverty by age

Front 41

A child that is born into a middle class family may still in the middle class and a child born into a poor family may stay poor.

Back 41

Poverty by family of origin

Front 42

The wealthy eat extravagant food and poor people eat Ramen and Chef Boy R Dee

Back 42

Symbolic interactionist approach to the class system

Front 43

Based on the merit that you can move up.

Back 43

Meritocracy

Front 44

People know the information about the pay of a job before they enter it or college

Back 44

Information about job and pay

Front 45

The ability to move up.

Back 45

Social mobility

Front 46

First generation migration may not be able to move up but the next generation probably will.

Back 46

Intergenerational mobility

Front 47

The ability to move up or down in society based of the economy, when structure of economy changes so do the people (real estate and construction was doing well before recession and now unemployed).

Back 47

Structural mobility

Front 48

1. Most important/high skill positions don’t always get the highest rewards
2. Favoritism such as nepotism and cronyism challenges the notion of a meritocracy
3. Racism and sexism result in lost opportunities

Back 48

Critiques from the conflict theory

Front 49

Growing pay gap between factory owners who take over and crush competition and
Factory workers will bring about revolution. The workers of the world will unite and take over the factories and share the work and the profits.

Back 49

Conflict Perspective of the class system: Marx

Front 50

Born and stay in a position for life (royalty or peasant).

Back 50

Caste system

Front 51

Forced to marry within group.

Back 51

Endogamy

Front 52

People believed if you were a bad person in a previous life you will be born an untouchable and no one is to interfere with their punishment.

Back 52

India’s Religious caste system

Front 53

The belief that whites are superior and generational slavery had religious reasons.

Back 53

U.S. Racial Caste System

Front 54

A closed system of stratification in which a persons social position is defined by law and membership is determined by inheritance.

Back 54

Estate Stratification system

Front 55

The first born son gets all the property.

Back 55

Primogeniture

Front 56

Status based on achievements and merits.

Back 56

Class system

Front 57

Comparing poverty in your country compared to the average person ($10k annually in U.S. is considered poverty).

Back 57

Relative Poverty

Front 58

Barely capable of feeding yourself.

Back 58

Absolute poverty

Front 59

Giving other nations the opportunity to prosper, with the intention that they will buy things from us.

Back 59

Modernization Theory

Front 60

Not allowing a country to prosper so that they cannot become independent.

Back 60

Dependency Theory

Front 61

A country takes over a weak country and make them dependent on them.

Back 61

Colonialism

Front 62

Wealthy countries assist in manipulating the weak or corrupt leaders of poor countries, to help the leaders “sell out” their own people or to trick them with complex financial trade deals.

Back 62

Neocolonialism

Front 63

Other reasons for Global Poverty

Back 63

Economic system, cruel dictators, many recent wars, etc.

Front 64

The U.S. believe in three main categories; White, Black and Asian.

Back 64

Race as a social construction

Front 65

A distant cultural tradition that its own members identify with and that may or may not be recognized by others.

Back 65

Ethnicity

Front 66

An irrationally based negative, or occasionally positive, attitude toward certain groups and their members.

Back 66

Prejudice

Front 67

An individual acting on thought ( not associating with someone because of their last name).

Back 67

Individual discrimination

Front 68

When a whole institution acts on thought (Denny’s restaurant would not treat blacks well until sued).

Back 68

Institutional Discrimination

Front 69

Government supported segregation.

Back 69

Apartheid

Front 70

When someone or a group is kicked out of the area by the government.

Back 70

Expulsion

Front 71

The execution of a group of people.

Back 71

Genocide

Front 72

A person is frustrated about the recession or depression so they take it out on another race/ A person has had a bad day at work and takes it out on their family at home.

Back 72

Frustration/scapegoat theory

Front 73

Workers divided to fight one another (white v. black) so they wouldn’t get together and demand higher wages.

Back 73

Conflict Theory: Split Labor Market

Front 74

Labels cause selective perception (when you categorize people because you have seen many of them doing something in particular).

Back 74

Symbolic Interactionism

Front 75

Races separate but fair.

Back 75

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Front 76

The decision stated that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.

Back 76

Brown vs. Board of education

Front 77

The survivors of the 1940’s concentration camps were given $20k for the suffering they endured.

Back 77

Reparations

Front 78

The Indians didn’t want to join the community because they had been treated so bad that they just wanted to stay separate.

Back 78

Self-determination

Front 79

Your behavior in public

Back 79

Front stage

Front 80

Your behavior in private or in front of people you trust.

Back 80

Back stage