Sociology Chapter 9

Front 1

global stratification

Back 1

system of stratification in which countries are the units

Front 2

gross national income

Back 2

measures total output of goods and services produced by residents of a country each year

Front 3

power

Back 3

the ability of a country to exercise control over other countries

Front 4

core countries

Back 4

the countries with the most power in the world economic system

Front 5

semiperipheral countries

Back 5

semi-industrialized and represent somewhat of a middle class

Front 6

peripheral countries

Back 6

poor, largely agricultural countries of the world

Front 7

first-world countries

Back 7

industrialized capitalizt countries of the world

Front 8

second-world countries

Back 8

socialist countries

Front 9

third-world countries

Back 9

countries that are poor, underdeveloped, largely rural, and with high levels of poverty

Front 10

international division of labor

Back 10

not tied to place but can employ cheap labor anywhere

Front 11

modernization theory

Back 11

views the economic development of countries as stemming from technological change

Front 12

dependency theory

Back 12

the poverty of low income countries is a direct result of their political and economic dependance on the wealthy countries

Front 13

colonialism

Back 13

system by which Western nations became wealthy by taking raw materials from colonized societies and reaping profits from products finished in the homeland

Front 14

neocolonialism

Back 14

a form of control of the poor countries by the rich countries but without direct political or military involvement

Front 15

multinational corporations

Back 15

companies that draw a large share of their profits from overseas investments and that conduct business across national borders

Front 16

world systems theory

Back 16

each country, no matter how remote, is tied in many ways to other countries in the world

Front 17

commodity chain

Back 17

the network of production and labor processes by which a product becomes a finished commodity

Front 18

world cities

Back 18

cities that are closely linked through the system of international commerce

Front 19

terrorism

Back 19

premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets

Front 20

relative poverty

Back 20

poverty in America is rich compared to other nations

Front 21

absolute poverty

Back 21

the situation in which people live on less than $1 a day

Front 22

extreme poverty

Back 22

the situation in which people live on less than $275 a year

Front 23

human poverty index

Back 23

multidimensional measure of poverty. 4 dimensions: long and healthy life, knowledge, economic well-being, social inclusion