Sociology Chapter 8: Race And Ethnicity

Front 1

minority

Back 1

a racial or ethnic group that is subjected to prejudice and discrimination

Front 2

race

Back 2

a group of people who are percieved b a given society to be biologically different from others

Front 3

two problems with the white-Asian-black category of race

Back 3

1. some groups fit into none of those categories (Indian, blond Aboriginals, etc)
2. There is no such thing as a pure race

Front 4

ethnic group

Back 4

a collection of people who share a distinctive cultural heritage. May share a language, reliion, history, or national origin. (Jews, Polish Americans)

Front 5

prejudice

Back 5

a negative attitude toward a certain category of people

Front 6

discrimination

Back 6

an unfavorable action against individuals that is taken because they are members of a certain category

Front 7

American dilemma

Back 7

the discrepancy between the ideal of equality and the reality of discrimination

Front 8

glass ceiling

Back 8

the prejudiced belief that keeps minority professionals from holding leadership positions (especially victimizes Asians and women)

Front 9

anti-Semitism

Back 9

prejudice or discrimination against Jews

Front 10

assimilation

Back 10

the process by which a minority adopts the dominant group's culture as the culture of the larger society
A+B+C=A

Front 11

amalgamation

Back 11

the process by which the subcultures of various groups are blended together, forming a new culture
A+B+C=D

Front 12

cultural pluralism

Back 12

aka multiculturalism, the peaceful coexistence of various racial and ethnic groups, each retaining its own culture
A+B+C=A+B+C

Front 13

two types of assimilation

Back 13

1. behavioral assimilation
2. structural assimilation

Front 14

behavioral assimilation

Back 14

the social situation in which the minority adopts the dominant group's language, values, and behavioral patterns

Front 15

structural assimilation

Back 15

the social condition in which the minority is accepted on equal terms with the rest of society (actually accepted, doesn't just adopt their culture)

Front 16

racism

Back 16

he belief that one's own race or ethnicity is superior to that of others

Front 17

two types of segregation

Back 17

1. de jure segregation
2. de facto segregation

Front 18

de jure segregation

Back 18

segregation sanctioned by law

Front 19

de facto segregation

Back 19

segregation resulting from tradition and custom

Front 20

genocide

Back 20

the wholesale killing of members of a specific racial or ethnic group

Front 21

conflict perspective take on ethnic relations

Back 21

racial and ethnic relations can be negative, marked by racism, which tends to cause the dominating group to abuse minorities by segregating, expelling, and exterminating them

Front 22

symbolic interactionist take on ethnic relations

Back 22

the nature of intergroup interaction can be determined by the dominant group's perception of minorities

Front 23

stereotype

Back 23

an oversimplified, inaccurate mental picture of others

Front 24

unprejudiced nondiscriminators

Back 24

believe in the U.S. creed of equality and put their belief into action; their attitude and behavior are consistent (all-weather liberals)

Front 25

unprejudiced discriminators

Back 25

discriminatory behavior is inconsistent with their unprejudicial attitude (fair-weather liberals)

Front 26

prejudiced nondiscriminators

Back 26

are afraid to express their prejudice through discrimination (fair-weather illiberals)

Front 27

prejudiced discriminators

Back 27

are deeply prejudiced against minorities and practice discrimination (all-weather illiberals)

Front 28

institutionalized discrimination

Back 28

the persistence of discrimination in social institutions that is not necessarily recognized by everybody as discrimination

Front 29

scapegoating

Back 29

blaming others for one's own failure; factor that causes prejudice and discrimination

Front 30

four factors that cause prejudice and discrimination

Back 30

1. scapegoating
2. socialization
3. economic (competing for jobs)
4. political (maintaining political power)

Front 31

affirmative action

Back 31

requires employers and colleges to make special efforts to recruit qualified minorities and women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities