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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define culture. |
All that people learn to do, use, to produce, and believe as one grows to maturity and live out their lives in the social groups in which they belong. *Culture is like a blueprint for living in a particular society* |
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What is a cultured person? |
a "well-rounded" person who has been exposed to the finer things in life. |
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How is culture learned and transmitted? |
All human groups have a culture. This culture is transmitted to the next generation and is learned through the social interaction process. |
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What is culture shock? |
Difficulty that people have adjusting to a culture that differs from their own. |
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Describe culture and biology. |
1. Humans have basic biological needs that must be met (eating, sleeping, reproducing, etc.). This these needs are not met we couldn't survive as a species. 2. Different cultures deal with things differently. Example being a child crying and how its responded to. |
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Define ethnocentrism. |
people often make judgments about other cultures according to the customs and values of their own. |
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True or False: Most people are not ethnocentric? |
False. Most people are ethnocentric, meaning we have biased and prejudice. Impressions tend to be formed on the basis of physical appearances, dress, mannerisms, customs, eating habits, etc. |
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What does ethnocentrism lead to? |
Leads to prejudice/discrimination and the repression of one group by another. This is because of beliefs/differences. |
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What is a "Cover based society"? |
judged on what we see before we even open our mouth. |
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What is the cage of oppression? |
how individuals discriminate based on certain "isms" *In this cage some are targeted; some are privileged* |
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What "isms" are in the cage of oppression?(6) |
1.Racism 2. sexism 3. ableism 4. ageism 5. heterosexism 6. lookism 7. anti-semitism |
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Define culture relativism. |
The solution to ethnocentrism. The recognition that social groups and cultures must be studied and understood on their own terms before valid comparisons could be made. |
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True of False: Sociologists should never judge the retaliative merits of a culture before understanding the culture. |
True. This is because it requires you to view things in its context. |
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IMPORTANT* What are the four components of culture? |
1. Material culture 2. Non-material culture 3. Cognitive culture 4. Language |
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Define material culture. |
consists of human technology. |
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Explain material culture. |
1. All that humans beings make from hand held tools to skyscrapers. 2. We could not survive long without material culture. 3. It provides a buffer between humans and the environment |
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What is non-material culture? |
The totality of knowledge (it has shared meanings), beliefs, values, and rule for appropriate behavior. *Represents the meaning behind material culture. It can not be seen with the naked eye* example: wedding ring |
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Define norms. |
the rules for behavior that are agreed upon and shared within a culture. *Show limits of respectable behavior* example: kissing is a greeting in some cultures and a sexual act in others. |
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Define Mores. |
strongly held norms that usually have a moral connotation and are based on the central values of the culture. *Violations usually produce negative reactions example: rape, Murder |
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What are folkways? |
norms that permit a wide degree of individual interpretations as long as certain limits are not overstepped. ex: going to mcdonalds in a ballroom dress |
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What is the difference between ideal norms and real norms? |
Ideal norms are the expectations of what people should do under perfect conditions. (example: motorists completely stop at stop sign) but REAL NORMS are norms that are expressed with qualifications and allowances for differences in individual behavior. How people actually act.(Example: rolling stop at stop sign) |
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Define cognitive culture. |
The thinking component of a culture. It consists of shared beliefs of what the word is like. Example:maps are not real but they are a representation of what is real. |
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What do values do? What are they? |
Represent a cultures general orientation toward life. It provides notions of what is good and bad, etc. |
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What is language? |
The principle means by with culture is transmitted from generation to generation. |
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What 3 things are important to remember about language? |
1. This is how we teach non-material and cognitive cultures. 2. This is how we share values, norms, and non-material culture. 3. Human behavior is determined bu culture and language. |
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What is selectivity? |
a process by which some aspects of the world are viewed as important while others are virtually neglected. |
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What does the sapir-whorf hypothesis argue? |
that the language a person uses determines his or her perception of reality. ex: We use one word for water but the HOPI INDIANs have two words pahe(water in its natural state) and koyi (water in container) |
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What is a subculture? |
a culture within a culture. *To function every social group must have a culture of its own-its own norms, values, etc. A subculture many retain its uniqueness while being still part of a larger culture. |
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**ON TEST** What is the correct term for subculture or a culture within a culture? |
Co-Culture |
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What are a few sub cultures or co-cultures? |
1. ethnic subcultures 2. occupational subcultures 3. Religious subcultures 4. political subcultures 5. Geographic subcultures 6. social class subcultues 7. Deviant subcultures |
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What are Culture Universals? |
certain models or patterns that have developed in all cultures to resolve these problems Example: Death=sadness Marriage=happiness |
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What is taboo? |
the prohibition of specific actions. |
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**ON TEST* What is a rite of passage? |
standardized rituals marking major life transitions examples: prom, drivers licence |
