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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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culture
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knowledge, values, customs, and physical objects that are shared by members of society
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society
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a specific territory inhabited by people who share a common culture
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instincts
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innate (unlearned) patterns of behavior
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reflex
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automatic reaction to physical stimulus
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drive
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impulse o reduce discomfort
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sociobiology
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the study of the biological basis of human behavior
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symbol
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a thing that stands for or represents something else
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hypothesis of linguistic relativity
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theory stating that our idea of reality depends largely on language
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norms
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rules defining appropriate and inappropriate behavior
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folkways
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norms that lack moral significance
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mores
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norms that have moral dimensions and that should be followed by members of the society
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taboo
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a rule of behavior,the violation of which calls for strong punishment
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law
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a norm that is formally defined and enforced by officials
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sanctions
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rewards and punishments used to encourage people to follow norms
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formal sanctions
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sanctions imposed by persons given special authority
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informal sanctions
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rewards or punishments that can be applied by most members of a group
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values
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broad ideas about what is good or desirableshared by people in a society
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nonmaterial culture
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ideas, knowledge, and beliefs that influence people's behavior
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beliefs
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ideas about the nature of reality
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material culture
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the concrete, tangible objects of a culture
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ideal culture
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cultural guidelines that group members claim to accept
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real culture
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actual behavior patterns of members of a group
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social categories
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groupings of persons who share social characteristics
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subculture
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a group that is part of the dominat culture but that differs from it in some important respects
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counterculture
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a subculture deliberately and consciously opposed to certain central beliefs or attitudes of the dominant culture
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ethnocentrism
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judging others in terms of one's own cultural standards
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cultural universals
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general cultural traits that exist in all cultures
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cultural particulars
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the was in which a culture expresses universal traits
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