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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Social interaction |
is the process by which people act toward or respond to other people and is the foundation for all relationships and groups in society. |
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Social structure |
is the complex framework of societal institutions and the social practices that make up society and that organize and establish limits on people behavior. |
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Social Structure: The Macrolevel Perspective |
Social structure provides the framework within which we interact with other. Social structure gives us the ability to interpret the social situations we encounter. Social structure helps people make sense of their environment even when they find themselves on the streets. Social structure creates boundaries that define which persons or groups will be the "insiders" and which will be the "outsiders" |
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Components of social structure |
Status Role Groups Social Institutions
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Status |
is a socially defined position in a group or society characterized by certain expectations, rights, and duties. |
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status set |
comprises all the statuses that a person occupies at a given time |
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ascribed status |
is a social positions conferred at birth or received involuntarily later in life, based on attributes over which the individual has little or no control EX. male, child, Hispanic |
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achieved status |
is a social position that a person assumes voluntarily as a result of personal choice, merit, or direct effort. Ex: college graduate, drug user, wife |
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master status |
is the most important status that a person occupies |
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status symbols |
are material signs that inform others of a person's specific status. |
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Role |
is a set of behavioral expectations associated with a given status |
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Role expectation |
is a group's or society's definition of the way that a specific role ought to be played. |
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Role performance |
is how a person actually plays the role. |
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Role conflict |
occurs when incompatible role demands are placed on a person by two or more statuses held at the same time. |
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Role strain |
occurs when incompatible demands are built into a single status that a person occupies. |
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Role exit |
occurs when people disengage from social roles that have been central to their self-identity |
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Social group |
consists of two or more people who interact frequently and share a common identity and a feeling of interdependence. |
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primary group |
is a small, less specialized group in which members engage in face-to-face, emotion-based interactions over an extended period of time. |
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secondary group |
is a larger, more specialized group in which members engage in more-impersonal, goal-oriented relationships for a limited period of time |
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Formal organization |
is a highly structured group formed for the purpose of completing certain tasks or achieving specific goals. |
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social institutions |
is a set of organized beliefs and rules that establishes how a society will attempt to meet its basic social needs |
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Essential tasks of social institutions |
replace members teach new members producing, distributing, and consuming goods preserving order providing and maintaining a sense of purpose |
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Division of labor |
refers to how the various tasks of a society are divided up and performed |
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Mechanical solidarity |
refers to the social cohesion of preindustrial societies, in which there is minimal division of labor and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds. |
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Organic solidarity |
refers to the social cohesion found in industrial societies, in which people preform very specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dependence |
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Genmeinschaft |
is a traditional society in which social relationships are based on personal bonds of friendship and kinship and on intergenerational stability |
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Gesellschaft |
is a large, urban society in which social bonds are based on impersonal and specialized relationships, with little long-term commitment to the group or consensus on values. |
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Social construction of reality |
is the process by which our perceptions of reality is largely shaped by the subjective meaning that we give to an experience |
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self-fulfilling prophecy |
is a false belief or prediction that produced behavior that makes the original false belief come true. |
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Ethnomethodology |
is the study of the commonsense knowledge that people use to understand the situations in which they find themselves |
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Dramaturgical analysis |
is the study of social interaction that compares everyday life to a theatrical presentation. |
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Social script |
is a playbook that the actors use to guide their verbal replies and overall performance to achieve the desired goals of the conversation or fulfill the role they are playing. |
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Impression management |
refers to people's efforts to present themselves to others in ways that are most favorable to their own interest or image |
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Face-saving behavior |
refers to the strategies we use to rescue our performance when we experience a potential or actual loss face. |
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Nonverbal communication |
is the transfer of information between persons without the use of word facial expression eye contact touching personal space- the immediate are surrounding a person that the person claims as private |