Sociology Ch 7

Front 1

Norms

Back 1

definite principles or rules people are expected to observe.

Front 2

Deviance

Back 2

nonconformity to a given set of norms that are accepted by a significant number of people in a community or society.

Front 3

Deviant subcultures

Back 3

Heaven's gate cult, survives within a wider society, supporting themselves by running a web site business and recruiting new members through e-mail about their beliefs.

Front 4

Sanction

Back 4

Social norms accompanied by sanctions that promote conformity. Makes sure others comply with norms.

Front 5

Laws

Back 5

norms defined by governments as principles that their citizens must follow.

Front 6

Crimes

Back 6

types of behavior that breaks law

Front 7

Psychopaths

Back 7

withdrawn, emotionless characters who delight in violence for its own sake.

Front 8

Anomie

Back 8

Emile Durkheim: suggested that in modern societies traditional norms and standards become undermined w/o being replaced by new ones. People feel disorientated and anxious, therefore influences society.

Front 9

Differential association

Back 9

Sutherland: Society contains a variety of subcultures. Individuals become delinquent through associating with people who are the carriers of criminal norms. Criminal behavior is learned from peer groups.

Front 10

Labeling Theory

Back 10

Becker: studies of marijuana use was a marginal activity carried on by subcultures rather then lifestyle choice. Becoming a marijuana smoker depends on one's acceptance into the subculture.

Front 11

Primary Deviation

Back 11

Lemert: Initial act of transgression

Front 12

Secondary deviation

Back 12

Lemert: When individuals come to accept deviant labels and consider themselves as criminals. We think of ourselves as how others see us.

Front 13

Conflict Theory:

Back 13

draws on elements of Marxist thought. Individuals actively engage in deviant behavior in response to inequalities of the capitalist system.

Front 14

New Criminology

Back 14

frame their analysis of crime and deviance in terms of the structure of society and the preservation of power among the ruling class. Laws are tools used by the powerful to maintain their own positions.

Front 15

Control Theory

Back 15

crime occurs as a result of an imbalance b/w criminal activity and the social or physical controls that deter it.

Front 16

"Broken Windows" Theory

Back 16

Broken car windows= no one cares. Small crime eventually leads to big crimes.

Front 17

Victims and Perpetrators of Crime

Back 17

young people and men more likely to commit crimes. Becoming a victim of crime depends on area. Areas suffering from material deprivation, and ethnic minorities appear a factor in victimization.

Front 18

White collar crime

Back 18

Sutherland: crime by people in affluent sectors of society.

Front 19

Corporate Crime

Back 19

offenses committed by large corporations in society. More lives are touched and influenced.

Front 20

Organized Crime

Back 20

refers to forms of activity that have some of the characteristics of orthodox business but that are illegal:illegal gambling , drug dealing, prostitution.

Front 21

Cybercrime

Back 21

Internet based fraud. Fasted growing crime in US.

Front 22

Mark of Criminal Record

Back 22

Pager: long term consequences: experiment: job applications. white over blacks, non convicts over convicts. white convicts or black nonconvicts.

Front 23

"Situational" Crime Prevention

Back 23

Reassure citizens by giving the impression that decisive action against crime is being taken.

Front 24

Physical exclusion:

Back 24

public spaces in society are increasingly being transformed into security bubbles.

Front 25

Policing techniques

Back 25

reassuring for the public. Policing is less controlling of crime and more about detecting and managing risk to other institutions in society.
-Provincial motor registry
-automobile industry
-insurance companies
-public health systems
-Criminal courts
-Police administration

Front 26

Community Policing

Back 26

implies not only drawing in citizens themselves, but changing the characteristic outlook of police forces.

Front 27

Shaming

Back 27

a form of punishing criminal and deviant behavior that attempt to maintain the ties of the offender to the community- alternative to incarceration. The fear of being shamed within one's community.

Front 28

Prison's aren't the answer

Back 28

Americans pro capital punishment, pro jail time. America most prisoners. spends $35 billion annually. Does not stop crime but creates more hardened criminals.