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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Science |
is the logical system that bases knowledge on direct, systematic observation |
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Empirical evidence |
is information we van verify with our senses |
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Positivist sociology |
is the study of society based on systematic observation of social behavior |
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Concept |
a mental construct that represents some part of the world in a simplified form |
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Variable |
is a concept whose value changes from case to case |
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measurements |
a procedure for determining the value of a variable
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operationalize a variable |
by specifying exactly what is to be measured before assigning a value to a variable |
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Reliability |
refers to consistency in measurement |
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Validity |
which means actually measuring exactly what you intend to measure |
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Cause an effect |
a relationship in which change in one variable causes change in another |
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independent variable |
the variable that causes the change |
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dependent variable |
the variable that changes |
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Correlation |
is a relationship in which two variables change together |
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spurious correlation |
can apparent but false relationship between two (or more) variables that caused by some other variable correlation does not equal causation |
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control |
holding constant all variables except one in order to see clearly effect of that variable |
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objectivity |
personal neutrality in conducting research |
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replication |
repetition of research by other investigators |
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interpretive sociology |
the study of society that focuses on the meanings people attach to their social world |
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critical sociology |
is the study of society that focuses on the need of social change |
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gender |
the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female and male |
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research method |
is a systematic plan for doing research |
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experiment |
a research method for investigating cause and effect under highly controlled conditions |
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hypothesis |
a statement of a possible relationship between two (or more) variables. |
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Hawthrone effect |
a change in a subject's behavior caused simply by the awareness of being studied |
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population |
the people who are the focus of research |
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sample |
A part of a population that represents the whole |
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questionnaire |
is a series of written questions a researcher presents to subjects |
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survey |
a research method in which subjects respond to a series of statements or questions on a questionnaire or in an interview |
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interview |
a series of questions a researcher asks respondents in person |
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participant observation |
a research method in which investigators systematically observe people while joining them in their routine avtivites |
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inductive logical thought |
reasoning that transforms specific observations into general theory |
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deductive logical thought |
reasoning that transforms general theory into specific hypotheses suitable for testing |