Sociology

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slavery

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form of social stratification in which some people own other people.

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indentured service

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a gray area between a contract and slavery

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caste system

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women belong to the estate of their husbands

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gender

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in every world is a basis for social stratification

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Melvin Tumin saw major flaws in the

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functionalist position

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the divine right of kings was an idea that

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made the king God's direct representative on earth

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accent

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in great britain makes a person aware of someones social class

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the least industrialized nations account for what percent of the worlds people

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68 percent

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Immanuel Wallerstein calls those countries that industrialized the first

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core nations

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assembly-for-export plants on the mexican-united states border are known as

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maquiladeras

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Gender stratification refers to the ranking of males and females according to their access to power, property, and prestige based on their sex

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true

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Sociologically, 'gender' and 'sex' are interchangeable terms that have virtually the same meaning

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false

they are not

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According to sociologist steven goldberg, stories about long-lost matriarchies, societies in which women dominate men, are myths

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false

Gerda Lerner

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sociologists believe that if biology were the principal factor in the determining human behavior, there would be greater uniformity of behavior among all people-men and women, regardless of gender - around the world

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false

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The 1985 Vietnam veterans study clearly demonstrated that biology (in this case, testosterone) is the cause of male aggressiveness

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false

social class

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sociologically, females are appropriately classified as a minority group

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true

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in hunting and gathering as well as horticultural societies, women contributed the majority of the food supply to their groups

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false

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The major theories on the origin of patriarchy point to the social consequences of human reproduction

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false

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in his study of 324 societies around the world, anthropologist George Murdock found that specific tasks were universally assigned to men and others to women, giving support to the argument that biology controls human behavior.

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false

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Of nearly 1 billion adults worldwide who are illiterate, two-thirds are women

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true

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the fact that women are twice as likely to die after coronary bypass surgery can be traced to unintentional sexual discrimination by medical personnel.

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true

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a unique feature of american colleges and universities is that they have been co-ed since being established in seventeenth-century colonial america

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false

have not been

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the ratio of women who work for wages is evenly distributed throughout the united states

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false

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The 'testosterone bonus' refers to men's ability to think quicker and act more decisively than women

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false

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sexual harassment was not recognized as a social problem until the 1970's

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true

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the supreme court has ruled that sexual harassment laws do not apply equally to homosexuals who are harassed by heterosexuals on the job

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false

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although women commit homicide at nearly the same rate as men, female offenders are treated in significantly more lenient ways

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false

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it is a myth that

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'pure' races exist

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ethnicity

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refers to cultural characteristics

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minority groups are

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singled out for unequal treatment and regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination

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we can us the term ethnic work to refer to

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the way people construct their ethnicity

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a national survey found that african americans find

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lighter skinned african american women more attractive

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in research of women who joined KKK or Aryan Nation did not have racism to cause their joining

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but is the result of their membership

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the internalization of dominant norms can lead

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people to be prejudiced against their own group

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sociologist raphael ezelcid conducted

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participant observation to study racism

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according to the text, last century's two most notorious examples of genocide occurred in

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germany and rwanda

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latinos are the largest

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minority group in the US

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ethnic group is a group of people with

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inherited physical characteristics that distinguish it from another group

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genocide

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systematic annihilation or attempted annihilation of a people based on their presumed race or ethnicity

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myths of race

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pure race

fixed number of races

racial superiority

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across all cultures, certain acts are considered to be deviant by everyone

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false

not everyone

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according to your test, a college student cheating on an exam and a mugger lurking on a dark street have nothing at all in common

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false

both are deviants

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to be considered deviant, a person does not even have to do anything

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true

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social control includes both formal and informal means of enforcing norms.

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true

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all sanctions are negative

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false

not all

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sociologists search for explanations of deviance among factors within the individual

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true

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according to differential association theory, the source of deviant behavior may be found in a person's socialization, or social learning

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true

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symbolic interactionists stress that we are mere pawns in the hands of others

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false

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sykes and matza identified five techniques of neutralization

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true

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outlaw bikers hold the conventional world in contempt and are proud of getting into trouble

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true

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the goal of the sociological study of religion is to determine which religions are most effective in people's lives

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false

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according to Durkheim, all religions seperate the sacred from the profane

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true

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functionalists believe that religion is universal because it meets basic human needs

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false

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psychotherapy is a functional equivalent of religion

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true

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terrorist attacks are an example of the dysfunctions of religion

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true

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being born again is a term frequently used to describe reincarnation by Hindus and Buddhists

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false

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shunning is practived by the sufi tribe

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false

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the divine right of kings helped to make society more equal

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true

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Emile Durkheim wrote the protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism

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false

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contemporaty judaism in the united state comprises two main branches

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false

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christianity was the first religion based on montheism

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false

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some Hindu practives have been modified as a consequence of social protest

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true

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the basic moral principle of confucianism is to maintain sympathy or concern for other humans

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true

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cults often begin with the appearance of a charismatic leader

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true

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unlike cults, sects do not stress evangelism

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false

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Islam in Iran and Iraq is an example of ecclesia

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true

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some donominations began as cults

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true

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many religions around the world are associated with race and ethnicity

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true

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many local ministers are very supportive of the electronic church because they are happy to see people who do not attend church hearing religious messages

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false

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Secularization of religion leads to a splintering of religious groups because some see it as a desertion of the group's fundamental beliefs

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true

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Polygyny is a marriage in which a man has more than one wife

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true

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the family of procreation is the family formed when the couple has their own child

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true

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laws of endogamy in the US prohibit interracial marriages

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false

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today, family authority patterns in the US are becoming more egalitarian

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true

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the isolation of today's nuclear family is a dyfunction of families toda

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true

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children are getting less attention from their parents than they used to

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false

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husbands and wives follow a gendered division of labor

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true

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husbands have decreased time and wives have increased time spent in houseowrk

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false

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sexual attraction is the first component of romantic love

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true

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homogamy occurs as a result of spatial nearness

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true

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family

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consists of two or more people who consider themselves related by blood, marriage or adoption.

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household

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people who occupy the same housing unit

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family

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two or more people related by blood, marriage, or adoption

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family of orientation

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a family in which a person grows up

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family of procreation

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the family formed when the first child is born

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monogamy

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a form of marriage in which there is only one spouse

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neolocal residence

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the practice of couples establishing a new home following marriage apart from the groom's or bride's family

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endogamy

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the practive of marrying within one's own group

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exogamy

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the practive of marrying outside one's own group

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system of descent

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how kinship is traced over generations

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egalitarian society

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authority equally divided between people or groups, such as between husband and wife

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gendered division of labor

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the arrangement where men and women have separate and specific responsilities in a marriage

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adultolescent

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another name for boomerang children who return to the empty nest after first living on their own

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blended family

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a family whose members were once part of other families

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cohabitation

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unmarried couples living in a sexual relationship

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sandwich generation

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couples who care for dependent children at home and aging parents as well