Sociology 305: Life And Death Decisions Exam 2

Front 1

The Rwandan Genocide was the systematic murder of the

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Back 1

The Rwandan Genocide was the systematic murder of the country's minority Tutsi population and the modertates of the Hutu majority.

Front 2

The Arusha Accords were developed before the Rwandan Genocide to

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The Arusha Accords were developed before the Rwandan Genocide to stop the Rwandan cease-fire. The Tutsi's agreed to a cease fire with the Hutus.

Front 3

_____ people died in the Rwandan Genocide.

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Back 3

800,000 people died in the Rwandan Genocide.

Front 4

The Arusha Accords stripped considerable power from

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Back 4

The Arusha Accords stripped considerable power from President Habyarimana and vested it in the Transitional Broad Based Government. Tutsis support this move; Hutus oppose it.

Front 5

The UN military leaders responsible for UN operations in Rwanda were

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The UN military leaders responsible for UN operations in Rwanda were General Romeo Dallaire and Major General Maurice Baril.

Front 6

Three months before the Rwandan Genocide, Romeo Dallaire informed the UN of an informant who told him that

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Back 6

Three months before the Rwandan Genocide, Romeo Dallaire informed the UN of an informant who told him that Interhamwe ("those who stand fight/kill together") forces were attempting to provoke Beligian soldiers into firing at them. Once fired upon, the Interhamwe would then have an excuse the Belgian troops. Several Belgians were to be killed, which would then guarantee a withdrawl of the Beligian contingent of UN forces.

Front 7

After hearing of the Interhamwe's plans, Dallaire wanted UN troops to seize

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After hearing of the Interhamwe's plans, Dallaire wanted UN troops to seize weapon caches. Yet, the UN overruled Dallaire, saying this plan went beyond the mandate of the UN's mission in Rwanda.

Front 8

On April 6, 1994, the plane carrying Rwandan President Habyarimana was

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On April 6, 1994, the plane carrying Rwandan President Habyarimana was shot down by a missle. The Rwandan president and the president of Burundi were both killed in the crash.

Front 9

Hutus blamed Tutsis for the assassinations and the Tutsis blamed

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Hutus blamed Tutsis for the assassinations and the Tutsis blamed the Hutus for the assassinations.

Front 10

On April 6th and 7th, the staff of the Rwandan Armed Forces clashed verbally with General Dallaire over

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Back 10

On April 6th and 7th, the staff of the Rwandan Armed Forces clashed verbally with General Dallaire over the Arusha accords, which stated that Prime Minister Uwiligiyimana was take control of the government in the event of the President being assassinated. Dallaire sent UN troops to protect her, but the troops were abducted and murdered. The Prime Minister was then assassinated. Other moderate Hutus who supported the Arusha Accords were also assassinated.

Front 11

The political party of President Habyarimana is believed to have been most responsible for the ensuing

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The political party of President Habyarimana is believed to have been most responsible for the ensuing genocide. Those who refused to take part in the massacre were often killed.

Front 12

The genocide was primarily meant to wipe out Tutsis.

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Back 12

The Genocide was primarily meant to wipe out the Tutsis.

Front 13

During the Genocide, the UN ordered Dallaire to focus exclusively on evacuating

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During the Genocide, the UN ordered Dallaire to focus exclusively on evacuating foreign nationals from Rwanda. After the Belgian forces withdrew, Dallaire set up "safe zones" in urban areas that may have saved close to 20,000 Tutsis.

Front 14

The United States called the Rwandan Genocide a "local conflict" and refused to call it a

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The United States called the Rwandan Genocide a "local conflict" and refused to call it a genocide. Bill Clinto later admitted that he regretted this decision, and believes that if the US had sent just 5,000 troops, 500,000 lives could have been saved. The UN also requested 50 Armoured Personnel Carriers from the US, but the US charged them 6.5 million dollars for them. The APCs and a UN peacekeepin force of 5500 troops was delayed and ultimately cancelled because of issues like this one.

Front 15

In June, 1994, the UN allowed France to

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In June, 1994, the UN allowed French forces to land in Rwanda and establish safe zones. The safe zones, however, were ineffective because Hutus would drive out or kill the Tutsis in the safe zones, and the genocide sometimes continued within the safe zone.

Front 16

The "Clinton Apology" refers to President Clinton's
acknowledgement of the United State's failure to
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Back 16

The "Clinton Apology" refers to President Clinton's acknowledgement of the United State's failure to efficiently deal with the situation in Rwanda.

Front 17

After its victory in 1994, the Rwandese Patriotic Front organized a coalition

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After its victory in 1994, the Rwandese Patriotic Front organized a coalition government based on a constitution, the Arusha Accords, and declarations of political parties. Political Parties were banned from openly calling themselves Tutsi or Hutu.

Front 18

The UN Convention Against Torture is far from clear.

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Back 18

The UN Convention Against Torture is far from clear.

Front 19

There are six major questions which must be addressed when setting up a system for interrogation when gathering intelligence.

1. WCSAPUUSTASOAILOUSMAPC
2. UWCMHCBLADASOIBU
3. WSDEOTFTQ

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1. What coercive steps are permissable under U.S. treaty and statutory obligations and in light of U.S. Moral and Policy Concerns?

2. Under what circumstances may highly coercive but legal and duly authorized steps of interrogation be used?

3. Who should decide each of the first two questions?

Front 20

The last three questions which must be addressed when setting up a system for interrogation when gathering intelligence are:

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5.UWIACSTPHTPTWTFTD
6.WFOOBNEESBPIPFEOTS

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4. How should the process be managed by the department of defens or other executive agencies to assure that the rules are complied with and not ignored in the field?

5. Under what, if any circumstances, should the president have the power to waive the first two determinations?

6. What form of oversight by non-executive entities should be put in place for each of these situations?

Front 21

At Abu Ghraib, the decision to use torture was made at the ___ ___. The lack of ___ ___ allowed

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At Abu Ghraib, the decision to use torture was made at the junior level of the military. The lack of management controls allowed rules to be ignored at operating levels.

Front 22

During the Abu Ghraib situation, there was no ___ ___ ___ ___. Executive secrecy was ___. No ___ requirements were there to ensure ____.

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During the Abu Ghraib situation, there was no legislative or judicial oversight. Executive secrecy was pervasive. No audit requirements were there to ensure documentation.

Front 23

The question of when and where the full protections of the Geneva Conventions apply has been the subject of

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The question of when and where the full protections of the Geneva Conventions apply has been the sunject of intense debate and further muddles the extent of U.S. legal obligations toward individuals captured and detained overseas.

Front 24

Arguably, there is one worthy exception to Article 16 of the UN Convention Against Torture that says cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment might be used in

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Arguably there is one exception to Article 16 of the UN Convetion Against Torture that says cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment might be used in extreme circumstances that would require presidential authorization.

Front 25

The Senate Reservation limiting the U.S. definition of torture and interpreting cruel, unusual, or degrading treatment to mean treatment prohibited by the ___, ___, and ____ amdendments of the U.S. Constitution limit the defintion of torture to what the U.S. considers ___.

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Back 25

The Senate Reservation limiting the U.S. definition of torture and interpreting cruel, unusual, or degrading treatment to mean treatment prohibited by the 5th, 8th, and 14th amendments of the U.S. Constitution limit the definition of torture to what the U.S. considers torture.

Front 26

The three restrictions on transferring persons to countries where torture might occur include:

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TUSSNDORIFIOPATFGIOSIIIHSGFBTTWBUTOTI

3.TUSSNEANTMTIVOTPOTUNCAT

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Back 26

The three restrictions on transferring persons to countries where torture might occur include:

1. The United States cannot transfer an individual to a country if it has probable cause to believe that individual will be tortured there.

2. The United States shall not direct or request information from interrogation or provide assistance to foreign governments in obtaining such info if it has substantial grounds for believing that torture will be utilized to obtain the info.

3. The United States shall not encourage another nation to make transfers in violation of the prohibitions of the UN Convention Against Torture.

Front 27

One guideline for the use highly coercive interrogation includes the requirement that the Attorney General shall recomend and the president shall provide to the Senate and House, guidelines stating

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Back 27

One guideline for the use of highly coercive interrogation includes the requirement that the Attorney General shall recommend and the president shall provide, to the Senate and House, guidelines stating which specific HCI techniques are to be used.

Front 28

No person shall be authorized to use HCI techniques unless authorized interrogators have probable cause to believe the terrorist is in possession of significant _________. There must be no reasonable ___ to the HCI techniques for them to be considered ___ ___. The information must also be thought to significantly reduce the danger posed to ______.

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Back 28

No person shall be authorized to use HCI techniques unless
authorized interrogators have probable cause to believe the terrorist is in possession of significant info about a plan which threateens the United States. There must be no reasonable alternative to the HCI techniques for them to be considered legally justifiable. The information must also be thought to significantly reduce the danger posed to U.S. citizens or groups.

Front 29

HCI techniques cannot be used unless the determination of probable cause is met by or has been made by ___ ___ in ___.

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Back 29

HCI techniques cannot be used unless the determination of probable cause is met or has been made by senior governement officials in writing.

Front 30

Also: The determination to use HCI and its factual basis must be made available to

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Also: The determination to use HCI and its factual basis must be made available to congressional intelligence committees, the attorney general, and the inspector general or the pertinent departments.

Front 31

The Texas statutes outlawing abortion made it a crime to ___ or ____ ___ ___--except when

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Back 31

The Texas statutes outlawing abortion made it a crime to procure or attempt an abortion--except when neccessary to save the life of the mother.

Front 32

Jane Roe was unmarried and preganant and wanted to procure

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Back 32

Jane Roe was unmarried and preganant and wished to procure an abortion by a licensed professional.

Front 33

Roe alleged that the Texas abortion statutes were too vague and abridged her

Her right to privacy is protected by the

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Back 33

Roe alleged that the Texas abortion statutes were too vague and abridged her right to privacy.

Her right to privacy is protected by the 4th, 5th, 9th, and 14th Amendments.

Front 34

James Hallford, a licensed physician, had been arrested for performing abortions and claimed that the Texas abortion statues were too

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Back 34

James Hallford, a licensed physician, had been arrested for performing abortions and claimed that the Texas abortion statutes were too vague to properly interpret when the health of the mother was and was not at stake.

Front 35

John and Marry Doe were a married couple who had been advised not to have children due to

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John and Marry Doe were a married couple who had been advised not to have children due to Marry's neurological problems. This couple wanted the right to terminate their baby should the Marry become pregnant.

Front 36

The court said that Roe had standing to sue but that the Dr. Hallford and the Does did not

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Back 36

The court said that Roe had standing to sue, but that Dr. Hallford and the Does did not.

Front 37

The Roe court said the right of single persons and parents to have children is protected through the

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Back 37

The Roe court said that the right of single persons and parents to have children is protected through the 9th and 14th Amendements.

Front 38

The Roe court declared the Texas abortion statutes to be unconstituional because they were too

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Back 38

The Roe court declared the Texas abortion statutes to be unconstitutional because they were too vague and overly infringed on the plaintiff's 9th amendment rights.

Front 39

The Roe court also ruled that pregnancy is a significant fact in abortion ____. If pregnancy makes the case moot, pregnancy litigation will seldom _________.

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Back 39

The Roe court also ruled that pregnancy is a significant fact in abortion litigation. If termination of a pregnancy make the case moot, pregnancy litigation will seldom survive beyond the trial stage.

Front 40

Roe said Texas abortion statutues inhibited her right as a pregnant woman to choose to

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Back 40

Roe said the Texas abortion statutes violate her right to the Due Process clause of th 14th amendment and her rights in the Bill of Rights.

Front 41

Abortion laws stem from statutory changes in the latter half of the

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Back 41

Abortion laws stem from statutory changes in the latter half of the 19th century.

Front 42

ANCIENT ATTITUDES: The Persians severely punished those who

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The Greeks and Romans

Back 42

ANCIENT TIMES: The Persians severely punished those who committed abortions.

The Greeks and Romans practiced abortions without controversy. The only time an abortion case would be prosecuted was when the father's right to the child appeared to have been violated.

Front 43

The Hippocratic Oath scorned physicians who performed

For the Pythagoreans,
abortion mean the destruction of a

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Back 43

The Hippocratic Oath scorned physicians who performed abortions.

Front 44

The Hippocratic Oath took on greater meaning as Christianity became the dominant religion in Europe. The Hippocratic Oath became seen as truth, and contributed to the rigidity of

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Back 44

The Hippocratic Oath took on greater meaning as Christianity became the dominant religion in Europe. The Hippocratic Oath became seen as truth, and contributed to the rigidity of abortion laws.

Front 45

Quickening refers to the first recognizable movement of the fetus in the

Quickening usually occurs in the ___ to ___ week of pregnancy.

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Back 45

Quickening refers to the first recognizable movement of the fetus in the utero. Quickening usually occurs in the 16th to 18th week of pregnancy.

Front 46

Common law considered an abortion performed on a woman who had reached the quickening stage to be a

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Back 46

Common law considered an abortion law performed on a woman who had reached the quickening stage to be a punishable offense.

Front 47

The absence of a common-law crime for pre-quickening abortion appears to have developed from earlier concepts of when life ____.

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Back 47

The absence of a common-law crime for pre-quickening abortion appears to have developed from earlier concepts of when life begins.

Front 48

Common law was concerned with the point at which the embryo or fetus became recognizably

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Back 48

Common law was concerned with the point at which the embryo or fetus becomes recognizably human.

Front 49

Common Law: Prior to the point of the fetus being considered human, its destruction was not considered

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Back 49

Common Law: Prior to the point of the fetus being considered human, its destruction was not considered homicide.

Front 50

In ENGLISH STATUTORY LAW, Lord Ellenborough's law made abortion a capital ____, and provided lesser penalties for abortios performed before ____. Infant Live Preservation Act made killing of a child born alive a ___.

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Back 50

In ENGLISH STATUTORY LAW, Lord Ellenborough's law made abortion a capital ___, and provided lesser penalties for abortions performed before quickening. Infant Life Preservation Act made killing of a child capable of being born alive a felony.

Front 51

ENGLISH STATORY LAW: Rex v. Bourne made it legal to kill a child when the preservation of the ____ life was at stake.

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Back 51

ENGLISH STATORY LAW: Rex v. Bourne made it legal to kill a child when the preservation of the mother's life was at stake.

Front 52

ENGLISH STATORY LAW: The Abortion Act of 1967 permitted a licensed physician, when in agreement with two other physicians, to kill the child when the health of the

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Back 52

ENGLISH STATORY LAW: The Abortion Act of 1967 permitted a licensed physician, when in agreement with two other physicians, to kill the child when the health of the mother was at stake, the health of the family was at stake, or the child had the potential to be born with severe physical or mental limitations.

Front 53

AMERICAN LAW is based on ENGLISH STATORY LAW's Lord Ellenborough's Act.

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Back 53

AMERICAN LAW is based on ENGLISH STATORY LAW's Lord Ellenborough's Act.

Front 54

New York made the killing of a pre-quickened fetus a ____, while making the killing of a quickened fetus a ____. The only time an abortion could be justified was when the health of the mother was at stake.

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Back 54

New York made the killing of a pre-quickened fetus a ____, while making the killing of a quickened fetus a ____. The only time an abortion could be justified was when the health of the mother was at stake.

Front 55

After the civil war, common law began to be replaced by legislation that dealt harshly with abortions performed after ____, but leniently with abortions performed before ____.

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Back 55

After the civil war, common law began to be replaced by legislation that dealt harshly with abortions performed after quickening, but leniently with abortion performed before quickening.

Front 56

Before the civil war, only 8 states had laws banning abortion. By the 1950s, a majority of states had done away with the quickening clause and outlawed the performance of an ___ except when it was necessary to ________.

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Back 56

Before the civil war, only 8 states had laws banning abortion. By the 1950s, a majority of states had done away with the quickening clause and outlawed the performance of an abortion except when it was necessary to save the life of the mother.

Front 57

At the time of Roe v. Wade, about 1/3 of the states in the union had decided to make abortion laws less ___.

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Back 57

At the time of Roe v. Wade, about 1/3 of the states in the union had decided to make abortion laws less stringent.

Front 58

The Roe court said that at the time America was founded, people viewed abortion with less disfavor than current

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Back 58

The Roe court said that at the time America was founded, people viewed abortion with less disfavor than most statutes currently in effect

Front 59

In the past, The American Medical Association was strongly opposed to abortion because they believed that the ___ was alive, that doctors should view the ____ as alive, and the child exists before ____.

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Back 59

In the past, the American Medical Association was stronly opposed to abortion because they believed that the fetus was alive, that doctors should view the fetus as alive, and the child exists before birth.

Front 60

In 1970, The American Medical Association changed its position on abortion and said it should be performed only by licensed physicians, should conform to state law, and not involve physicians who were morally opposed to abortion.

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Back 60

In 1970, The American Medical Association changed its position on abortion and said it should be performed only by licensed physicians, should conform to state law, and not involve physicians who were morally opposed to abortion.

Front 61

The American Public Health Association said that


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Back 61

The American Public Health Association said that

1. Rapid abortion referral must be available

2. Counseling should expedite abortion services

3. Psychiatric Consultation should not be mandatory.

4. Wide range of people can qualify as abortion counselors.

5. Contraception + Sterilization should be discussed with each abortion patient.

Front 62

The American Public Health Association said that the skill of the physician, the environemnt in which the abortion is performed, and the duration of the pregnancy are the most important factors of abortion.

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Back 62

The American Public Health Association said that the skill of the physician, the environemnt in which the abortion is performed, and the duration of the pregnancy are the most important factors of abortion.

Front 63

The American Bar Assocition supports abortion.
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Back 63

The American Bar Association supports abortion.

Front 64

The three most important reasons criminal abortion laws have been enacted in the 19th century are:

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Back 64

The three most important reasons criminal abortion laws have been enacted in the 19th century are: the discouragement of sexually illicit conduct, the protection of the mother, and the states duty to protect pre-natal life.

Front 65

The constitution does not explicitly mention a right to privacy. However, it can be deemed a fundamental or implicit right that is in accordance with the U.S. constitution.

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Back 65

The constitution does not explicitly mention a right to privacy. However, it can be deemed a fundamental or implicit right that is in accordance with the U.S. constitution.

Front 66

Roe v. Wade said the 14th and 9th Amendments give a woman the right to privacy which enables her to terminate her pregnancy.

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Back 66

Roe v. Wade said the 14th and 9th Amendments give a woman the right to privacy which enables her to terminate her pregnancy.

Front 67

The mental, emotional, and physical health of the mother could be harmed if she were not allowed ot have an abortion. The unwanted child could be also be harmed by a family unable to care for it.

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Back 67

The mental, emotional, and physical health of the mother could be harmed if she were not allowed ot have an abortion. The unwanted child could be also be harmed by a family unable to care for it.

Front 68

Roe v. Wade said the state may regulate abortion to safeguard the health of the mother, maintain medical standards, and protect potential life.

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Roe v. Wade said the state may regulate abortion to safeguard the health of the mother, maintain medical standards, and protect potential life. THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY IS NOT ABSOLUTE!

Front 69

"The right of privacy, however based, is broad enough to cover the abortion decision."

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"The right of privacy, however based, is broad enough to cover the abortion decision."--Key line from Roe v. Wade.

Front 70

Regulation limiting the right to privacy can be done only as a result of a compelling state interest.

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Back 70

Regulation limiting the right to privacy can be done only as a result of a compelling state interest.

Front 71

Roe v. Wade said the constitution does not define the fetus as a person.

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Roe v. Wade said the constitution does not define the fetus as a person. Legal abortion procedures were far freer in the 19th century than they are today--therefore, the word "person" as defined by the 14th amendment, does not include the unborn.

Front 72

"VIABLE," is the point at which the fetus can live outside the mother's womb with artificial aid.

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"VIABLE," is the point at which the fetus can live outside the mother's womb with artificial aid. Usually occurs at 7 months.

Front 73

"Mediate Animation and Ensoulment" refer to the Catholic theory that life begins at the moment of conception.

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"Mediate Animation and Ensoulment" refer to the Catholic theory that life begins at the moment of conception.

Front 74

Roe v. Wade said that the unborn have never been considered persons as it relates to the constitution.

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Back 74

Roe v. Wade said that the unborn have never been considered persons as it relates to the constitution.

Front 75

The point at which the state has a compelling interest is at the end of the first trimester.

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Back 75

The point at which the state has a compelling interest is at the end of the first trimester.

Front 76

Until the end of the first trimester, mortality in abortion may be lower than mortality in normal child birth.

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Back 76

Until the end of the first trimester, mortality in abortion may be lower than mortality in normal child birth.

Front 77

After the first trimester, the state may regulate abortion to protect the health of the mother.

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Back 77

After the first trimester, the state may regulate abortion to protect the health of the mother.

Front 78

The compelling interest a state has in protecting potential life comes at the point of viability. This is so because the fetus can presumably have a life outside of the mother's womb.

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Back 78

The compelling interest a state has in protecting potential life comes at the point of viability. This is so because the fetus can presumably have a life outside of the mother's womb. At the point of viability, abortion can be proscribed.

Front 79

The Texas Statutes were violative of the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment because they made abortion legal only to save the life of the mother, did not look at the pregnancy stage, and did not consider the other interests involved.

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Back 79

The Texas Statutes were violative of the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment because they made abortion legal only to save the life of the mother, did not look at the pregnancy stage, and did not consider the other interests involved.

Front 80

For the stage subsequent to viability, the state can proscribe abortion except in cases where the health of the mother is at stake.

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Back 80

For the stage subsequent to viability, the state can proscribe abortion except in cases where the health of the mother is at stake.

Front 81

Roe v. Wade said that Doe v. Bolton (a look at modern abortion procedures) is to be read together.

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Back 81

Roe v. Wade said that Doe v. Bolton (a look at modern abortion procedures) is to be read together.

Front 82

Even before the end of the first trimester, the state can regulate abortion to the extent that it protects the health of the mother.

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Back 82

Even before the end of the first trimester, the state can regulate abortion to the extent that it protects the health of the mother.