Sociology 1St Quiz

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Why do we study sociology?

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To obtain factual information about our society and different aspects of our social life.

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What is a society?

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Society is a large group of people that lives together.

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Origins of sociological thinking; found in the philosophy of ?

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Early Greeks

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In France the enlightenment was dominated by?

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"Philosophers"

M OSTESQUIEU

R OUSSEAU

T URGOT

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Scientific Revolution also means ?

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Period of Enlightenment

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What did the enlightenment produce?

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Intellectual Revolution

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INDUSTRIALIZATION?

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Is a process by which societies are transformed from dependence on agriculture and handmade products

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Urbanization??

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Is the process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities rather in rural areas.

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August Comte

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Believed that bias free knowledge was attainable only through the use of science rather than religion

Considered as the

"founder of Sociology"

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What is August Comte's philosophy?

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positivism

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What is positivism?

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Is a belief that the world can be understood through Scientific Inquiry

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2 major areas of study for sociologists

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1. SOCIAL STATICS Social structure /relatively stable elements found in every structure

2. SOCIAL DYNAMICS focused on Social Change.

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Herbert Spencer

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His major contribution to sociology was an Evolutionary Perspective on social order and social change

He used an ORGANIC ANALOGY

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What is Organic Analogy?

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Is to compare society to a living organism made up of interdependent parts to explain both social structure and social change

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Social Darwinism

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The belief that those human being; best adapted to every environment survive and prosper, whereas those poorly adapted died out survival of the fittest

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Karl Max

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;He viewed history as a clash between conflicting ideas and forces

Predicted "proletariat" or working class eventually would rise and forcibly overthrow the "bourgeoisie"

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William Graham Sumner

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He applied the biologist idea " survival of the fittest"

Business must be freed from governmental interference so that a competitive struggle could take place

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Lester Frank Ward

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The first president of the Americal Societal Association

Believed that societies tend to progress from "natural freedom" to "political freedom"

Involving the abolition of slavery and serfdom

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Ferdinand Toennies

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Use term

GEMEINSCHAFT & GESELLSCHAFT

To characterize the degree of social solidarity and social control found in societies

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GEMEINSCHAFT

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Is a traditional society in which social relationships are based on personal bonds of friendshio and kinship

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GESELLSCHAFT

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Is a large, urban society in which social bonds are based ob impersonal and specialized relationship

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SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

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Study of human nature as the outcomes of group life personality information, social attitudes and collective behavior.

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HUMAN ECOLOGY

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Study of the behavior of a given population and it's relationship to group present institutions.