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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sociology |
The systematic study of society using sociological info. |
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Micro-Level |
individual experiences and personal choices |
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Macro-Level |
broader social forces e.g. life changes, norms, social institutions |
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Feminism |
the system of ideas and political practices based on the principles that women are human beings equal to men |
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Ideology |
a set of beliefs and values that supports and justifies the ruling class of society, it is present in all societies |
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Discourse |
a way of thinking created by the host society |
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imperialism |
includes the practice and attitudes of colonies |
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colonialism |
the concrete and ideological effects after formal colonial rule ended in the 1960s |
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social marginality |
the state of being part insider and part outsider in the social structure |
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stigma |
any physical, social attribute or sign that so devalues a person's social identity that it disqualifies that person from full social acceptance |
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Social inequality |
an unequal distribution of resources |
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Status |
a socially defined position in a group or society characterized by certain expectations, rights, and duties |
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status set |
made up of all the statuses that one person occupies at a single time |
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Ascribed status |
is a social position conferred on a persons birth or received involuntarily later in life, individual has control |
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Achieved status |
a spocial position a person assumes voluntarily
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Master Status |
describes the most important status a person occupies |
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Status Symbols |
material signs that inform others of a person's specific status |
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Role |
a set of behaviour expectations associated with a given status |
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Role Expectations |
a group's or societies definition of the way a specific role ought to be played |
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Role Performance |
how a person actually plays the role |
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Role Ambiguity |
when the expectations associated with a role are unclear |
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Role Conflict |
when incompatibility role demands are placed on a person by 2 or more statuses held at a time |
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Role Strain |
when incompatibility demands are placed on a single status that person occupies |
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Role Exit |
when people disengage from social roles that have been central to their self-identity |
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Primary Group |
small, less specialized group in which members engage in face-face, emotion based interactions over a long time |
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Secondary Group |
larger, more specialized group in which members engage in more impersonal, goal-oriented relationships for a limited period of time |
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Social Network |
series of social relationships that link an individual to others |
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Formal Organizations |
highly structured groups formed for the purpose of completing certain tasks or achieving specific goals |
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Social Instituations |
a set of organized beliefs and rules that established how society will attempt to meet its basic social needs |
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Ethnomethodology |
the study of the commonsense knowledge that people use to understand the situations in which they find themselves |
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Dramaturgical Analysis |
the study of social interactions that compares everyday life to a theatrical presentation |
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Face-Saving Behaviour |
the strategies we use to rescue our performance when we experience a potential or actual loss of face |
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Studied Nonobservance |
a face saving technique in which the role player ignores the flaws of another's performance to avoid embarrassment for everyone involved |
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Front Stage Action |
our action in front of others at work, school, or in public
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Back Stage Action |
away from the public, in private sphere (domestic violence, professional people) |
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Emotional Labour |
the work that one does to suppress or enhance the intensity, duration, or direction of one's emotions |
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Nonverbal Communication |
the transfer of info in between people without the use of speech |
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Personal Space |
the immediate space around a person that they claim as private |
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Pre-Industrial Societies |
held together by traditions and by the members' shared moral beliefs and values |
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Industrial Societies |
held together by the members' shared dependence of one another |
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Division of Labour |
how the various tasks of a society are divided up and performed |
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Social Solidarity |
a society's social structures, which, in turn, is based on the society's division of labour |
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Mechanical Solidarity |
the social cohesion in pre-industrial societies, in which there is minimal division of labour and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds |
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Organic Solidarity |
the social cohesion in industrial societies, in which people perform very specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dependence |
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Gemeinschaft |
a traditional society in which social relationships are based on personal bonds of friendship, kinship, and inter-generational stability |
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Gesellschaft |
a large, urban society in which social bonds are based on impersonal and specialized relationships, with little long term commitment to the group or consensus of values |
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Social Construction of Reality |
the process by which our perception of reality is shaped largely by the subjective meaning that we give to an experience |
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Self-Fulfilling Prophecies |
a situation in which a false belief or prediction produces behaviour that makes the originally false belief true |