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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sociology
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is a discipline trying to understand the world we live in and our place in it in a disciplined systematic way.
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2 Factors of Sociology
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1. Society: Human beings are social beings.
2. Culture: Human behavior shows regular patterns. |
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Norms
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Expectations for behavior
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Folkway
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appropriate but not necessary, if violated won't face bad repercussions.
ex: saying hello to people you know |
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Customs
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traditions.
ex: trick-or-treating |
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Mores:
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strong moral rules with very strict components
ex: incest |
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Laws
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formally written down and enforced by the state.
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The Social Realm
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where the roots of our concept of deviance can be found
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C.W. Mills
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popularized the term "sociological imagination"
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Internal social control
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ex: desire to fit in
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Freudian & Biological Theories of Deviance
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presuppose the rightness of the existing social order
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Deviance
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The oldest theories were biological (size of skulls, body types)
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Freudian
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Superego, Id
-keep eachother in check |
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Sociological Theories of Deviance
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-see deviance as constructed in the social realm
-society labels what is deviant *Nothing is inherently deviant, deviance is a concept constructed by society -eye contact: appropriate/not appropriate -murder/self defense -polygamy cross-culturally At one point in history and not in another -slavery -womens attire -acceptance of gay culture -drugs in 60's vs. present |
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Punishment
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Sociologists see punishment as a statement to society, that the norm in question is still in affect
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Is Deviance necessary?
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Deviance is necessary for society, we need that unity in opposition to deviance and in our own righteousness, and societies need that unity and cohesion.
Ex: Cold War: Americans united and created a moral boundary |
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Can the meaning of what is deviant be changed?
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Society can change it to fit their needs
Marijuana: deviance is dependent on context |
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Internal Social Control
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your own feelings and wishes
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External Social Control
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sources other than yourself
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The Generalized Other
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A child that goes from knowing that "stealing my sister's toy is wrong" to "stealing in general is wrong"
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According to Goffman, what is a signal that we "give off?"
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A non-verbal, unintentional form of communication
-Tone of voice, body language |
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Goffman: Physical Influence
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-Whenever we're out with people we try to give them an impression that we want them to have.
-We give off signals and give signals |
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According to Goffman, what is a signal we "give?"
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Explicit verbal communication
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Goffman: Dramaturgical Performance
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Front Stage: give performances, try to leave impressions
Back Stage: (closest friends have access) restricted place, people have potential to embarrass us. Waiters/Waitresses -Frontstage: waiting tables -Backstage: kitchen, reveal frustrations. |
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Socialization
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process by which we acquire a self
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Mead
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"I"-Spontaneous self
"Me"-self conditioned by self, moral Primary Socialization: significant other |
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James
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-Individuals have multiple selves
-We have images of the people we interact -We have as many selves as we images |
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Cooley
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"Looking Glass Self"
-We see ourselves as others see us -We see ourselves as we are treated |
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Rosenhiem
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-People fake mental illness, get admitted and act normal
-Having once been labeled as schizophrenic it is very hard to change it -it is not easy to change labels of ourselves |
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Onion Analogy
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-once you peel all the layers, nothing is left
-our entire self is layers constructed by society Ex: Marines -take away all layers, and then re-construct a new person with new layers |
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Granfield:
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"Making it by faking it"
-people at ivy league law schools -working class ivy league students feel ambivalence -they worry about betraying their lower class roots -they develop ways to get by in the noble class |
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Skinner
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behaviorism, operant conditioning
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Erikson/Peget
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developmental, stages
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Weltonshuang: Worldview
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1-Common Sense world, experiance life with others
-reality is relative 2-Taken for granted, culture shock -what you always thought was real or true, may not be what is true or real |
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Debunking MIff
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Sociology goes beyond
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Unrespectibility Motif
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The official is respectable
-The viewpoint of the homeless person is just as important as the mayor to understand a city |
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Relativity Motif
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-Understands the relativity of ideas
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Sociology begins with 2 facts:
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1. Human beings are social things
2. The behavior of human beings shows regular and recurrent patterns |
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Social Control
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the means by which any society brings the people that either violate or try to break the rules, are brought back into the norm.
External: violence, economic pressure, small groups Internal: don't need rules to keep from breaking the law |
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Garfinkel
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Violation of folkways, social conventions
Ex: sitting down right next to someone on an empty bus |
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Shelding: Body Types
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Endo-morph: over weight
Mezzo-morph: lean, muscular (criminals) Epto-morph: too skinny |
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C.W. MIlls
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Sociological Imagination
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W.I. Thomas
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If people define a situation as real, it is real in its consequences
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2 Kinds of Deviance
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1. Violation of rules that is unnoticed
-temporary because it is unseen 2. Violation of rules that is publicly recognized -defender accepts the label, wraps around it, and works in accordance with it |
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Stigma
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Anything that differentiates one person from the entire group
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Institutions
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Normative patters of behavior
-marriage -religion |