Sociology 101 Test # 2

Front 1

differential association

Back 1

We learn to deviate from or conform to society

Front 2

medicalization of deviance

Back 2

where deviance is a sign of mental sickness

Front 3

capital punishment

Back 3

the death penalty

Front 4

recidivism rate

Back 4

the % of former prisoners who are arrested

Front 5

marginal working class

Back 5

people who have few skills

Front 6

working class

Back 6

those who sell their labor

Front 7

capitalist class

Back 7

those who buy labor and control workers

Front 8

criminal justice system

Back 8

plice/courts/prisons that deal with people who are accused of committing crimes

Front 9

social control

Back 9

formal and informal means of enforcing norms

Front 10

negative sanctions

Back 10

expressions of disapproval of deviance

Front 11

differential association

Back 11

We learn to deviate from or conform to society

Front 12

medicalization of deviance

Back 12

where deviance is a sign of mental sickness

Front 13

capital punishment

Back 13

the death penalty

Front 14

recidivism rate

Back 14

the % of former prisoners who are arrested

Front 15

marginal working class

Back 15

people who have few skills

Front 16

working class

Back 16

those who sell their labor

Front 17

capitalist class

Back 17

those who buy labor and control workers

Front 18

criminal justice system

Back 18

plice/courts/prisons that deal with people who are accused of committing crimes

Front 19

social control

Back 19

formal and informal means of enforcing norms

Front 20

negative sanctions expression sof disapproval of deviance

Back 20

expressions of disapproval of deviance

Front 21

positive sanctions

Back 21

used to reward people for conforming to norms

Front 22

stigma

Back 22

characteristics that discredit people; violation of norms

Front 23

deviance

Back 23

any violation of norm; any act to which people respond negatively

Front 24

Horatio Alger myth

Back 24

the belief that you should work hard and get awesome stuff in return

Front 25

Poverty Line

Back 25

the official measure of poverty

Front 26

Feminization of poverty

Back 26

the association of poverty with women

Front 27

Culture of poverty

Back 27

the assumption that the values & behaviors of the poor make them different from other people.

Front 28

intergenerational mobility

Back 28

social ladder changes between generations

Front 29

structural mobility

Back 29

changes that cause large numbers of people to move up or down the ladder.

Front 30

exchange mobility

Back 30

when large numbers of people move up or down the ladder but the proportions remain the same

Front 31

underclass

Back 31

the homeless

Front 32

workers

Back 32

people who sell labor

Front 33

manager

Back 33

sell their labor and exercise authority

Front 34

petty bourgeoisie

Back 34

small business owners

Front 35

capitalists

Back 35

business owners who employ many workers

Front 36

Contradictory class locations

Back 36

the person's position in the class structure can generate contradictory interests

Front 37

status

Back 37

position in a social group

Front 38

power elite

Back 38

those who make the big decisions in US society p

Front 39

power

Back 39

the ability to carry out your will despite resistance

Front 40

income

Back 40

flow of money

Front 41

property

Back 41

building, land, animals, jewelry, and bank accounts

Front 42

social class

Back 42

a large group of people who rank closely to one another in property, power, and prestige.

Front 43

status inconsistency

Back 43

ranking high on some dimensions of social class and low on others

Front 44

status consistent

Back 44

ranking high or low on all 3 dimensions of social class

Front 45

prestige

Back 45

respect/reguard

Front 46

groupthink

Back 46

"tunnel vision" that group members sometimes develop

Front 47

laissez-faire leader

Back 47

highly passive

Front 48

democratic leader

Back 48

tries to gain a consensus

Front 49

authoritarian leader

Back 49

one who gives orders

Front 50

leadership styles

Back 50

ways of expressive yourself as a leader

Front 51

expressive leader

Back 51

lift's the group's morale

Front 52

instrumental leader

Back 52

leader who tries to keep the group moving towards its goal

Front 53

leaders

Back 53

people who influence the behaviors, opinions, or attitudes of others

Front 54

coalitions

Back 54

a group of members aligning themselves against others

Front 55

small groups

Back 55

when there are few enough members that each one can interact directly with one another

Front 56

group dynamics

Back 56

how groups influence us an dhow we affect groups

Front 57

corporate culture

Back 57

when stereotypes and their powerful effects on workers remain hidden

Front 58

goal displacement

Back 58

when an organization continues even after it achieves its goal and no longer has a reason to continue

Front 59

bureaucracy

Back 59

a group that has since become dominant in social life

Front 60

electronic community

Back 60

where people meet online

Front 61

clique

Back 61

clusters within a group

Front 62

social network

Back 62

people who are linked to one another

Front 63

reference groups

Back 63

groups we refer to when we evaluate ourselves

Front 64

out-groups

Back 64

groups when we feel antagonism towards

Front 65

in-groups

Back 65

groups we feel loyalty towards

Front 66

secondary groups

Back 66

based on common interest/activity

Front 67

primary groups

Back 67

intimate face-to-face associations c

Front 68

category

Back 68

a statistic; people who show similar characteristics