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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The entire human environment, including direct contact with others
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Social Environment
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Children assumed to have been raised by animals, in the wilderness, isolated from other humans
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Feral Children
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The process by which people learn the characteristics of their group
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Socialization
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The unique human capacity of being able to see ourselves "from the outside"
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Self
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A term coined by Charles Horton Cooley to refer to the process by which our self develops through internalizing others' reactions to us
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Looking-glass self
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Putting oneself in someone else's shoes
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Taking the role of the other
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An individual who significantly influences someone else's life
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Significant Other
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The norms, values, attitudes, and expectations of people "in general"
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Generalized Other
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Freud's term for our inborn basic drives
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Id
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Freud's term for a balancing force between the id and the demands of society
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Ego
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Freud's term for the conscience, the internalized norms and values of our social groups
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Superego
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The ways in which society sets children onto different courses in life because they are male or female
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Gender Socialization
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A group of individuals of roughly the same age who are linked by common interests
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Peer group
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Forms of communication, such as radio, newspapers, and television that are directed to mass audiences
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Mass Media
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The behaviors and attitudes considered appropriate because one is a male or a female
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Gender Role
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A social condition in which privileges and obligations are given to some but denied to others
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Social Inequality
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People or groups that affect our self-concept, attitudes, behaviors, or other orientations toward life
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Agents of Socialization
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The intended beneficial consequences of people's actions
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Latent Functions
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Because one anticipates a future role, one learns parts of it now
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Anticipatory Socialization
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The process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors
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Resocialization
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A place in which people are cu off from the rest of society and are almost totally controlled by the officials who run the place
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Total institution
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A term coined by Harold Garfinkel to describe an attempt remake the self by stripping away an individuals self identity and stamping a new identity in its place
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Degradation Ceremony
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The stages of our life as we go from birth to death
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Life Course
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A term that refers to a period following high school when young adults have not yet taken on the responsibilities ordinarily associated with adulthood
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Transitional adulthood
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The mostly invisible barrier that keeps women from advancing to the top levels at work
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Glass Ceiling
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The mostly invisible accelerators that push men into higher-level positions, more desirable work assignments, and higher salaries
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Glass Escalator
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The abuse of one's position of authority to force unwanted sexual demands on someone
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Sexual Harassment
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A society whose economy increasingly centers around the application of genetics
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Biotech Society
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Individuals who temporarily share the same physical space but who do not see themselves as belonging together
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Aggregate
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People who have similar characteristics
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Category
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A group characterized by intimate, long-term, face-to-face association and cooperation
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Primary Group
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Compared with a primary group, a larger, relatively temporary, more anonymous, formal, and impersonal group based on some interest or activity
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Secondary Group
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Groups toward which one feels loyalty
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In-groups
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Groups toward which one feels antagonism
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Out-groups
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A group that we use as a standard to evaluate ourselves
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Reference Group
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A cluster of people within a larger group who choose to interact with one another
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Clique
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The social ties radiating outward from the self that link people together
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Social Network
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Individuals who regularly interact with one another on the internet who think of themselves as belonging together
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Electronic community
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Using one's social networks for some gain
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Networking
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A society in which women as a group dominate men as a group
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Matriarchy
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Authority more or less equality divided between people or groups, in this instance between husband and wife
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Egalitarian
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Intended beneficial consequences of people's actions
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Manifest Functions
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Unintended beneficial consequences of people's actions
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Latent Functions
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The use of diplomas and degrees to determine who is eligible for jobs, even though the diploma or degree may be irrelevant to the actual work
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Credential Society
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In reference to education, the ways in which schools transmit a society's culture, especially its core values
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Cultural Transmission of Values
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Helping people become part of the mainstream society
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Mainstreaming
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The process by which education opens and closes doors of opportunity
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Gatekeeping
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The sorting of students into different educational programs on the basis of real or perceived abilities
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Tracking
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A function of education- funneling people into a society's various positions
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Social Placement
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The unwritten goals of school, such as teaching obedience to authority and conformity to cultural norms
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Hidden Curriculum
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The sociological principle that schools correspond to
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Correspondence Principle
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