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35 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
The totality of our shared language, knowledge, material objects, and behavior.
culture
The structure of relationships within which culture is created and shared through regularized patterns of social interaction.
society
A common practice or belief shared by all societies.
cultural universal
The systematic study of how biology affects human social behavior.
sociobiology
The process of introducing a new idea or object to a culture through discovery or invention.
innovation
The process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality.
discovery
The combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not exist before.
invention
The process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society.
diffusion
The physical or technological aspects of our daily lives.
material culture
Ways of using material objects, as well as customs, ideas, expressions, beliefs, knowledge, philosophies, governments, and patterns of communication.
nonmaterial culture
"Cultural information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires."
Who said this?
technology;
Gerhard Lenski
A period of adjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still struggling to adapt to new material conditions.
culture lag
A system of shared symbols; it includes speech, written characters, numerals, symbols, and nonverbal gestures and expressions.
language
The idea that the language a person uses shapes his or her perception of reality and therefore his or her thoughts and actions.
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
The use of gestures, facial expressions, and other visual images to communicate.
nonverbal communication
A collective conception of what is considered good, desirable, and proper - or bad, undesirable, and improper - in a culture.
value
An established standard of behavior maintained by a society.
norm
Norms governing everyday behavior, whose violation raise comparatively little concern.
folkways
Norms deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society.
mores
A norm that generally has been written down and that specifies strict punishments for violators.
formal norm
Formal norms enforced by the state.
laws
A norm that is generally understood buy not precisely recorded.
informal norm
A penalty or reward for conduct concerning a social norm.
sanction
A set of cultural beliefs and practices that legitimates existing powerful social, economic, and political interests.
dominant ideology
A segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and values that differs from the pattern of the larger society.
subculture
Specialized language used by members of a group or subculture.
argot
A subculture that deliberately opposes certain aspects of the larger culture.
counterculture
The feelings of disorientation, uncertainty, and even fear that people experience when they encounter unfamiliar cultural practices.
culture shock
The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent what's normal or are superior to all others.
ethnocentrism
The viewing of people's behavior from the perspective of their own culture.
cultural relativism
Name the anthropologist that listed cultural universals?
What are they?
George Murdock
-Sports
-Cooking
-Funeral Ceremonies
-Medicine
-Marriage
-Sexual Restrictions
What are the two main forms of innovation?
Discovery
&
Invention
William Ogburn came up with the terms:
Material Culture
Nonmaterial culture
Culture lag
Created the language "Laadan" to test the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis in order to adequately express the women's perception.
Linguist Suzette Haden
Formal norms
&
Informal norms
are also called:
Explicit norms
&
Implicit norms