Socials 9 New France Themes

Front 1

John Cabot

Back 1

-an English man
-sails to find the Northwest passage and instead finds New Found Land

Front 2

Jacques Cartier

Back 2

-A Frenchman
-Was sent to find the Northwest passage, but over his 3 sails only discovers New France

Front 3

Cartier Voyage 1

Back 3

- Meets Iroquios (wanting to trade)
- For evidence of the land, kidnaps Donnacona's 2 sons

Front 4

Cartier Voyage 2

Back 4

- Returns to New France w/ boys who take him to their settlement (Stadacona)
- Travels to Montreal and never finds the NW passage
- Loses more than half of his crew, and goes to Stadacona for the winter

Front 5

Cartier Voyage 3

Back 5

(After kidnapping Donnacona and his sons, and they die when taken back to New France.)
- His final voyage.
- As a guide for Sieur de Roberval.
- Leaves Sieur de Roberval and finds fools gold up the St. Lawrence River
- Mistakes it for valuables to fund his exploration.
- Couldn't make a settlement and then therefore had no permission to return.

Front 6

Sieur de Roberval

Back 6

- Cartier was his guide.
- Was given the task of establishing a colony.
- Fails and was left behind by Cartier.

Front 7

Samuel de Champlain

Back 7

- AKA. 'The Father of Canada'
- Cartographer
- Sails to New France.
- Builds Fort Royal in Acadia (it becomes the 1st French settlement in the 'New World.'
- In 1608, establishes a habitation in (present-day) Quebec City.
- Well defended and located.
- Created alliances with nearby native clans. {Algonquin, Montagnais and Huron}
- Arranged a fur trade with them.

Front 8

John Cabot

Back 8

Englishmen. Sails to find the NW passage and finds New Found Land.

Front 9

Jacques Cartier

Back 9

Frenchmen. Sent to find the NW passage, but over his 3 sails finds New France.

Front 10

Cartier Voyage 1

Back 10

- Meets Iroquois (wanting to trade)
- For evidence of land, kidnaps Donnacona's 2 sons.

Front 11

Cartier Voyage 2

Back 11

- Returns to New France with boys, who take him to their settlement (Stadacona.)
- Travels to Montreal and never finds the NW passage.
- Goes to Stadacona for winter, as he lost most of his crew to scurvy and harsh weather.

Front 12

Cartier Voyage 3

Back 12

(He kidnapped Donnacona and his sons, and they died in France.)
- His final voyage.
- As a guide for Sieur de Roberval.
- Leaves Sieur de Roberval and finds fools gold up the SLR.
- Mistakes it for valuables to fund his exploration.
- Couldn't establish a settlement, and had no permission to return.

Front 13

Sieur de Roberval

Back 13

- Cartier was his guide.
- Given the task of establishing a colony.
- Fails, and was left behind by Cartier.

Front 14

Samuel de Champlain

Back 14

- AKA. Father of Canada.
- Cartographer.
- Sails to New France on behalf of the French.
- Built Port Royal fort in Acadia.
- Becomes the 1st French settlement in the 'new world.'
- In 1608, he establishes a habitation in (present-day) Quebec City.
- Well defended and located.
- created alliances with nearby native clans (Algonquin, Montagnais, and Huron)
- Arranged the fur trade with them.

Front 15

Champlain's Success

Back 15

Why?
- More in-land.
- Less exposure to harsh elements.
- Less arctic winds.

Front 16

Coureurs de Bois

Back 16

- 'Runners of the Woods'
- Nomadic.
- Purpose: to make sure there was a constant supply of furs for the French.

Front 17

Huronia

Back 17

- The land of the Huron tribe.

Front 18

Sovereign Council

Back 18

- 3 Officials.
- Governor (Frontenac)
- Bishop (Laval)
- Intendant (Talon)
- Were appointed by the king.
- Government body that would carry out the king's orders.
- There were: 3 officials and 5 council members (who were elected)

Front 19

Governor Frontenac

Back 19

- Saw New France as an opportunity to gain power and prestige.
- Made a trading deal with the Iroquois.
- Called back to France in 1682.

Front 20

Intendant Jean Talon

Back 20

- Arrived in New France in 1665 on behalf of the French king.
- Brings in the 'Filles du Roi'
- Focused on creating colonial industry.
- Wanted the colony to be self sufficient.
- When called to France in 1672, everything collapses.

Front 21

Bishop Laval

Back 21

- Saw New France as a Christian outpost.
- Single largest land owner in colony.
- Represented Church and created schools.
- Advocated tradition and family life.
- Imposed taxations.
- Did not approve of the Coureurs du Bois.

Front 22

Rule of Law Observed in New France

Back 22

Custom of Paris.

*Same system used in Paris*

Front 23

Sovereign Council

Back 23

In charge of dealing with any serious infractions of the law.

Front 24

Seigneurial System

Back 24

In New France:
- Seigneurs: landowners given land by the King of France.
- Wealthy and important citizens of France.
- Often made up the council assisting the Sovereign Council.
- Seigneurs divided up land, managed by peasant farmers 'habitants.'
- Lives, works and paid taxes on land.
- In return, they would get protection.
- It remained intact for 200 years, but wasn't successful in New France.

Front 25

Mercantilism

Back 25

- Economic theory of the 16th to 18th century
- Wealth is achieved by having gold and silver, etc.
- Successful country is one that exports more than it imports.
- Government: encourages exports and discourages imports.
- Volume of trade is 'unchangeable'
- Encourages European wars, fueled European imperialism.

Front 26

Middle Ground

Back 26

- Mixing of both cultures.
- Europeans marry Native women BUT have Native ceremonies.
- French Gain: furs, land, and native alliances.
- Natives Gain: manufactured goods, improved quality of life, and mimicked European institutions

Front 27

3 Types of Middle Ground

Back 27

1. French
- Greatest mixing and the Natives saw the French as the father figure.
2. British (Post 7 years war)
- Weak due to troubles with the British economy.
3. Post American Revolution
- Middle Ground dies.
- No need for the assistance of the Natives
- No other European enemy