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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
American Civil War
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Shortages and deficiencies in care drove home need for trained nurses
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Louisa May Alcott
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Publicized need for nursing training during American Civil War Period
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Dorothea Lynde Dix
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Organized military hospitals and Corpsof nurses
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Harriett Tubman
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Black nurse- underground railroad
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Clara Barton
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Foundd American Red Cross
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Post Civil War
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Burgeoning of schools based on Nightingale method/Exploitation of students
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Post-Civil War
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Most clinical nursing took place in Public Healtha and private duty arenas.
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Linda Richards
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First American trained nurse 1872
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Mary Mahoney
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First African- American trained nurse 1879
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Lillian Wald
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first pulic health nurse 1893
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Isabel Hampton Robb
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first nursing professional organization president
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World War I
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Need for nurses couldn't be met in military/civilian sectors. 1st nursing shortage
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World War I
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US Army started its own school of nursing
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Great Depression
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Mass unemployment/ Nurse unemployment/ closure of hospital training programs.
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Great Depression
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Mvt. of trained nurses back into hospitals
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Roosevelts New Deal
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Federal Funds to support hospitals and employ nurses
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WWII
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Shortage/ Cadet Nurse Corps (fed funds to pay for training at military/civilian level.
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WWII
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Emergence of Nurses Aides to help meet shortage.
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Korean War
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Mobile Field Hospitals/ dev. of ICU and ER depts. at civilian sector
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Viet Nam Conflict
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Aeromedical evacuation/ commissioning of male nurses by Army/ Navy
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Major Historical Influences still persisting
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Status of women/ Religous roots/ Military influence
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Occupation
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any activity engaged in to earn a living
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Vocation
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Individual is uniquely suited
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Profession
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Rigorous formal educ./Intell over phys./Practical/ vital to soc./public service/ responsiblilty/ accountability
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Profession cont.
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high degree of autonomy and control, self-policed code of ethics, specialized body of knowledge
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all professions are________
but not all______ are professions |
occupations
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Credentials
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Written documents evidencing competence
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Degree/ diploma
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attest to completion of course of study
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License
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legal credential issued by govt.- police power.
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Registration
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listing of information w/ govt.- not quite same as licensure.
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Today licensure requires:
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grad. from approved prgram/ pymt of fee w/ periodic renewal/ evid. of cont. competence (CEU)
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Purpose of License
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Protect public!!
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Nurse Practice Act
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Est. board/define nursing/ grant license/ approve Nrs. programs/ deny revoke lic.
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Trends in licensure are:
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1)Institutional
2 Multistate Recognition Model |
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Certification
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Excellence/special expertise rather than minimal competency/Not granted by govt.
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Certification cont....
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Not legally required/ usually requires an exam and possible experience in a specialty
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Problems w/ certification:
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Lack of reward for cert./ Lack of agreement about its meaning/Plethora of gov. bodies/ conflicts of inter.
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ANCC
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American Nurses Credentialing Center- standardized nursing certification of nurses.
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Accredidation
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appoval of hospitals, healthcare organizations, educational institutions, educat. programs
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JCAHO
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Joint Commission on Accredidation of Healthcare Organization
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NLN
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National league for nursing: schools of nursing
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State boards of nursing
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Continuing Education Providers
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ANA- American Nurses Association
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Local, state, national level/ advance prof., infl. leg./collective bargaining/Code of ethics
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NLN National League for Nursing
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made of nurses,non-nurses,organizations. Purpose is advance nursing education
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NLN advances nursing education by
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accrediting schools, achievement testing. Supports all level of nursing education.
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American Association of Colleges of Nursing
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Only Deans and directors of baccalaureate schools of nursing can join
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AACN
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Comnpeting w/ NLN to accredit BS programs
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Sigma Theta Tau Interantional
(STTI) |
Nursing's Honor Society
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Clinical Specialty Organizations
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Association of Operating room nurses; American Critical Care Nurses
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Ethnicity Specialty Organization
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National Black Nurses Association; Nationl Hispanic Nurses Association
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Religious Affiliation
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Nurses Christian Fellowship
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Who establisheshe standards by which quality of nursing care is measured?
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Govt.: State Boards of Nursing
Nursing Professional Organizations |
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Disadvantages of having multiple entry point to Nursing
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Confuses public, employers, and even nurses. All RNs take same exam, same salary, same job
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diploma programs
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Descended from Nightingale Program, influencd by war experiences
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New England Hospital (1872)
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First US Diploma Program
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Characteristics of US Diploma Programs
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Rel. influence, Rigorous discipline, apprenticeship training-not education
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Cont... Characteristics of US Diploma Programs
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No Jobs in Hospitals for grads., esploited as "cheap labor", rush to est. schools
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Current diploma programs
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few remaining, meet accrediation standards, loosely affiliated w/higher learning/27-36 mo. program
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Effects of WWII on AD programs
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Demand for technically capable workers in new industries, large number of returning vets w/ ed. benefits
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Effects WWII on AD Programs cont..
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Rise of Community college system, nursing shortage influenced by baby boom, success of Cadet Nurse program
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1952
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First AD Programs came into existance in:
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AD Programs
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Produce majority of nurses today
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Impact and concerns of AD Program
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Intended to prepare grads for hosp. based practice./ added diversity in prof.,selective admissions
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AD Program
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Two year curriculum
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BSN
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4 year university program, prelicensure or RN-BSN
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University of Minnesota
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Home of first univeristy program, similar to diploma program, not BS degree, started 1909
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Yale University
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1924- first nursing program to grantr degree.
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Annie W. Goodrich
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Dean of first BSN nursing program.
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Issues and Challenges of BSN programs
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Facility scarce,faculty little time for research needed to remain competitive among other faculty
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LVN/LPN programs
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started in YWCA 100yrs. ago, rapid growth after WWII,waivers LPNs thru 50-60s
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LVN/LPN cont..
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must pass NCLEX-LPN, 9-12 mo. curriculum, work under RN supervision except in nursing homes
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CNA
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Approved training courses, under jurisdiction of Board of Nuring, works under LPN/RN
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ANA Position Paper of 1965
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All nursing education in institutions of higher learning. BSN/ Technical divisions
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Graduate Nursing Programs
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Masters and Doctoral
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Major Influences on Dev. of Nursing Education
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Responsiveness of profession in dealing w/recurring shortages, public outcry during shortages
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Major Influ. on dev. of nursing education cont...
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Exploitation by hospital industry, 'woman's profession'
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Mildred Montag
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Instrumental in development of first assoc. degree program
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