Social Welfare

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Social Safety Net

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describes the Canadian social welfare system. income security programs and social services provide protection to Canadians

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income security programs

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monetary benefits i.e. employment insurance

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social services

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programs in place to help those without income i.e. parole board, or food banks or shelters

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social policies**

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rule and regulations along with laws and legislation

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social programs

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help implement social policies

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welfare state**

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system put into place to help the health and well being of all citizens

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tax ependitures

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tax breaks that allow people to receive benefits in a private way that is solely based on income reporting

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internal factor

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a factor that the person brings to the issue i.e. a student with a learning disability

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exteral factor

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a factor that society brings to the issue i.e. not providing a student with disabilities accommodations

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residual approach

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due as little as possible basic and no standards

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institutional approach

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due some more but just to a reasonable standard of life

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structural approach

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help people thrive: economic market is exploitative

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public welfare**

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provided by govt't: often available for everyone money & services

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private wefare

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two types for profit and non-profit

non-profit is like churches or food shelters

profit is insurance companies have to pay to be eligible: dental insurance

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mincome income***

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provide money for those with little to no income must pass a needs test

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income supplement

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helps support those with an income so that they can live a better life and have greater support

**broad National child care benefit

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social insurance***

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must contribute to get it worker's comp, employment insurance

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demogrants***

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flat rate payments based on demographics i.e. age or # of children

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universial program

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benefits for everyone of a same demographic i.e. people with children or old age

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selective programs

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only for those with need; must past needs test

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income redistribution

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robin hood take from the rich and give to the poor but never dissolves inequality

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economic globalization***

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increase in international markets for services, goods, and food

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phase one of income security

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colonization to 1867

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phase two of is*

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industrialization 1867-1940

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phase three of is*

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welfare state 1941-1974

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phase four of is*

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era of erosion 1974-present

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undeserving poor

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those who have family or are able to work deemed undeserving because society viewed they had ways to live a good life they were just lazy

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disincentive to work

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get benefits on social assistance that you would not have in a part time job

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needs test

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standardized test that evaluates whether or not a person is in need enough to receive social assistance

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facts of need

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25% of food shelter customers are children

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cause of need

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parents spend paycheque foolishly therefore no money for food for children

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colonial period

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from colonization to 1867 workhouses for poor and poor laws

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industrial period**

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from 1867-1940 worker's comp mother's allowance elderly benefits great depression trek to ottawa employment and social insurance

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welfare state**

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1941-1974 social assistance expanding canada assistance plan

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era of erosion**

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1975-present cut back on social assistance programs

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global economy

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if one country fails we all do

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mulroney years

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every man for himself all about cooperations and the individual not community proud not to support social welfare

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approaches to social welfare

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1)POLITICAL

2) Economic

3)welfare states

4) Gender based

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Political approach

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1) conservative (indivisual)

2) liberal (middle)

3) socialist democratics (community)

4) socialist (all community)

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economic*

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1)monteray (indivisial)

2)keynasan (middle)

3) political economy (everyone)

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welfare state

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1) liberal-anglo saxon (do as lil as possible)

2) conversative cce (due nothing)

3) socialist democratic scahndavanion (help everyone)

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gender based

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1) male bread winner (ind.)

2) earner-carer (commun.)

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social inclusion**

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considers the non-economic aspects of society that cause inequality like where a person lives their education etc and health care

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stages model of policy making

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believes that you must go through different stages in order for social change and it's a process

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stages of policy making**

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agenda setting, adoption, implements, evelautions

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funnel of causality model

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belief in different groups working together to make the policy

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Groups of Funnel**

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structural factors (economical outlook), institutional factors(legal system), actors (politicians ), civil society organizations (advocacy groups)

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employment

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any legal activity for pay or profit

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unemployment

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number of people 15+ who are actively seeking employment

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self employment

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own business usually and no benefits

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part-time

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less than 30 hrs a week and no benefits

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full time

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40 is hours a week and benefits

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labour force

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number of people 15+ who have a job or are looking for work

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labour force participation rate

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labour force/working age pop x100

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unemployment rate

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number of those unemployed (seeking work actively)/ labour force x100

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employment to pop ratio

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employed/ total pop x100

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frictional unemployment*

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employees move between jobs or return to workplace

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cyclical unemployment*

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temporary downturn of job market

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structural unemployment*

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do not possess skills no jobs in area or unwilling to work for pay offered

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full employment

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was a popular idea (not any more) in 70s that there would be only 4% unemployment rate

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underemployment

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those who have skills/ training that exceed those needed for job i.e. masters and working at taco bell

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factors influencing unemployment**

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structural, policy, and economic

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Structural factors influenceing unemployment*

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growing labour supply, imbalance bt skill supply and demand, frictional unemployment, seasonal layoffs

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policy factors influ unemply*

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interest rates, exchange, education & job training

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economic factors influx unemply*

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cost of production, tech changes, business cycles

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NEET

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Not in Education, Employment, or Training young people who have given up cause they need a job to get one and job market has not enough jobs

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employment insurance

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temporary income replacement strict requiremnts

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social assistance

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known as welfare requirements less strict

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worker's comp

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must agree not to sue employer and given money in lieu of wages due to a workplace accident

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Bill C-38*

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harder to claim employment insurance, any job is a good job

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efficiency*

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business, economic growth & productive labour market

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equity

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health and well being of citizens resonable distribution of income and wealth

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free trade

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removes barriers that would impede international markets

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TNC

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transnational coperations companies who make product in a country different from the one they founded in

-govnts now have less control than companies

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HDI

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human development index compares health education & living standards in each country

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universial

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applies to all humans

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indivisible

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have to acknowledge all rights not just some

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inalienable

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cannot be taken away

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inabrogable

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cannot be given away

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negative rights

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polictial and civil rights that must be protect

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postive rights

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economic social and cultural rights that govern t must sure all people have i.e. health care

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collective rights

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for a cultural or ethnic groups often right to self determination

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globalization and social welfare

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do not agree globalization often violates human rights`

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general agreement on trade in services GATS*

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govt can no longer provide social services or protection to own people

gap between poor and rich nations too wide

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social investment

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provides equality of opportunity not equality of outcome creating good jobs are essential to attacking involuntary social exclusion