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106 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What type of government divides the power between national and state governments?
Federal System
What means that the power of the national government is divided among the 3 branches?
Separation of Power
What was the Constitution of the United States based on?
The Virginia Plan, by James Madison
Who wrote the Virginia Plan?
James Madison
What branch of government is made up of the Senate (2 per state) and the House of Representatives (membership is based on population) and makes the laws?
The Legislative Branch (Congress)
What branch of government interprets the laws (determines if they are constitutional)?
The Judicial Branch (supreme Court)
What branch of government carries out or enforces the laws?
Executive Branch (President, Vice President and cabinet)
What system allowseach branch to check the power of the other and makes sure that no one branch gets too much power?
The system of checks and balances
Who wrote the Bill of Rights?
James Madison
This is the first 10 amendments of the Constitution which guarantees individual freedoms.
The Bill of Rights
Why did the political parties start in the US?
Because Jefferson and Hamilton had different ideas of the role of the national government.
Who were the Federalists led by?
Alexander Hamilton
What did the Federalists believe?
The Federalists believed in a STRONG national government, wanted state power to be limited, favored industry, and national banks.
Who were the Democratic-Republicans let by?
Thomas Jefferson
What did the Democratic-Republicans believe in?
They believed in a weak national government, wanted the states to have the most power, favored farmers and small businesses, and were against a national bank.
What were the first two political parties?
Federalists and Democratic-Republicans
What happened during the Washington administration?
The federal court system was established,
political parties were formed,
the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution, and Washington DC was designed (with the help of Benjamin Banneker)
Who designed Washington, District of Columbia?
Benjamin Banneker during the Washington Administration.
What happened during the Adams Administration?
The two party system (political parties) became part of the political system.
What happened during the Jefferson Administration?
Louisiana was purchased from France (doubled the size of the US) and
Lewis and Clark were sent to explore the new territory and reach the Pacific Ocean.
Who were sent to explore the new territory and reach the Pacific Ocean?
Lewis and Clark
What happened during the MAdison administration?
The US was involved in the War of 1812, which resulted in the US gaining respect from countries in Europe.
What did the War of 1812 do?
The US gained respect from countries in Europe.
What happened during the Montoe Administration?
The Monroe Doctrine warned the countries of Europe to stay out of the Western hemisphere.
Why did the colonists protest the various acts passed by Parliament?
Because they had no representation in Parliament.
Who ordered the Proclamation of 1763?
King George III
What did the Proclamation of 1763 do?
Ordered by King George III, the Proclamation of 1763 denied the colonists the lans west of the Appalachian Mountains.
What was the Boston Massacre?
Occurred when colonists in Boston threw snowballs at and insulted a British guard. More guards came, more colonists came, a riot developed, and 5 colonists were shot.
What was the Boston Tea Party?
To protest the Tea Act, Sons of Liberty led by Samuel Adams and Paul Revere threw chests of tea into the Boston Harbor.
Who led the Sons of Liberty (Boston Tea Party)?
Samuel Adams and Paul Revere
Who met in Philadelphia for the First Continental Congress?
All of the colonies except Georgia
Where did the First Continental Congress meet?
Philadelphia
Why did the First Continental Congress meet?
To discuss problems with Great Britain.
What was the first armed conflict of the Revolutionary War?
Battle of Lexington and Concord
What did Paul Revere do?
He rode (on horse) to warn that the British regulars were coming before the Battle of Lexington and Concord, the first armed conflict of the Revolutionary War.
Who was chosen to be the Commander of the Continental Army?
George Washington
What was the name of the pamphlet Thomas Paine wrote that urged the colonists to break away from England?
Common Sense
What was Common Sense?
A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that urged the colonists to break away from England.
What did the Second Continental Congress do?
They approved the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776.
Where did the second Continental Congress meet?
Philadelphia
When was the Declaration of Idependence approved?
July 4, 1776 by the Second Continenal Congress.
Who used some ideas from John Locke when he (with the help of John Adams and Benjamin Franklin) wrote the Declaration of Independence.
THomas Jefferson
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
THomas Jefferson, with the help of John Adams and Benjamin Franklin
Who helped Thomas Jefferson write the Declaration of Independence?
John Adams and Benjamin Franklin
Whose ideas did Thomas Jefferson use when he wrote the Delaration of Independence?
John Locke
What ideas (of John Locke) were included in the D of I?
Natural rights of life, liberty and ownership of property. Also, the powere of government comes from the people and government is there to protect people's rights.
What ar the 4 key philosophies of the Declaration of Independence?
1. Unalienable rights (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness.
2. People establish government to protect these rights.
3. The power of government comes from the people.
4. People need to change a goverment that doesn't protect these rights.
What were the Colonial (American)advantages during the Revolutionary War?
1)Defending their own land,
2)strong belief in their cause,
3)support from Spain and France, and
4)strong leadership.
What was the turning point of the Revolutionary War?
The Battle of Saratoga
Why was the Battle of Saratoga a turning point in the Revolutionary War?
Americans won a major battle and France decided to aid the Americans.
What was the last major battle of the Revolutionary War?
The Battle of Yorktown
Who surrendered at the Battle of Yorktown?
British General Cornwallis
What 2 things happened at the Battle of Yorktown?
1) Last major battle of the Revolutionary War
2) British General Cornwallis surrendered.
What was the Treaty of Paris?
WHen it was signed, Great Britain recognized the US as an independent nation.
What treaty made Great Britain recognize the US as an independent nation?
The Treaty of Paris
What was the legislature in England?
Parliament
Why did the Parliament (legislature in England) pass many acts?
To control trade and tax the colonies
What was England interested in that the colonies could provide?
Raw Materials
What did the colonies do with Raw Materials (with England)
Exchanged goods
Who did the king appoint to watch over and control colonial legislature (colonial law makers)?
Royal (colonial) governors
Why were Royal (colonial) Governors appointed by the king?
To watch over colonial legislature (colonial law makers).
What was the Stamp Act?
A tax on printed paper
Why was the Stamp Act passed?
To make the colonists pay for the French and Indian War and to pay the cost of keeping troops in the colonies.
Who passed The Stamp Act (a tax on printed paper) and other acts to make the colonists pay for the French and Indian War and to pay the cost of keeping troops in the colonies?
British Parliament
What member of the Virginia House of Burgesses gave a famous speech in opposition to the Stamp Act?
Patrick Henry
Patrick Henry, a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses, gave his famous "Give me libery or give me death" speech to oppose WHAT?
The Stamp Act
The _________ was the first gateway to the west
Ohio River
When _________ was president, Louisiana was purchased from France, and doubled the size of the US
Jefferson
Who were sent to explore the Louisiana Purchase, from the Mississippi River, up the Missouri River, and finally in to the Columbia River, which led them to the Pacific Ocean
Lewis and Clark
What country gave (ceded) Florida to the US with the Adams-Onis Treaty?
Spain
What state was annexed by the US after it had been an independent republic for several years with the Rio Grand River as the border between Texas and Mexico.
Texas
The US and Great Britain agreed to divide the __________ Territory
Oregon
California and the southwest became part of the US after ________
War with Mexico (Mexican Cession)
Why did people move west?
Increase in population along the east coast, and to obtain cheap, rich farmland
There were many opportunities for those moving west to make economic gains. Name 4.
California Gold Rush, logging industry, farming, freedom for runaway slaves.
Transportation became cheaper, more convenient, and faster with the invention of what 3 things
Steamboat by Robert Fulton, the digging of the Erie Canal, and the invention of the steam locomotive (train)
Where did steamboats go?
Rivers and lakes
_____________ provided transportation on rivers like the Mississippi and the Missouri, as well as the Great Lakes, connecting the farms in the south to industry in the north.
Steamboats
Name 2 long and dangerous trails that people took to go westward
Oregon Trail and the Santa Fe Trail
American believed in Manifest Destiny. What is that?
Westward expansion, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, was good for our country and it was their right
Who invented the cotton gin?
Eli Whitney
The invention of the cotton gin increased the need for what?
Slave labor, as more cotton was grown and picked
What was the mechanical reaper?
Used for cutting grain, invented by Cyrus McCormick and Jo Anderson (slave)
What did the mechanical reaper do?
increased the ability to harvest crops faster
What is Abolition?
The immediate freeing of slaves
The majority of abolitionists wanted what 3 things?
Slaves freed immediately, believed that slavery was morally wrong and cruel, and slavery was against democracy
___________ was a runaway slave and a conductor of the Underground Railroad
Harriet Tubman
______________was an abolitionist that published a newspaper called the Liberator, that was against slavery.
William Lloyd Garrison
_________was a runaway slave that gave inspiring speeches condemning slavery
Fredrick Douglas
What is Woman's Suffrage?
Women's right to vote
___________organized the first Women's Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, NY.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
At the first Women's Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, NY women declared ___________________
"All women and men are created equal"
What basic rights were women denied?
Vote, educational opportunities, business opportunities, earnings, limited rights to property
_______ was a freed slave that supported abolition and the suffrage movement by giving speeches
Isabel Sojourner Truth
__________worked to get women the right to vote
Susan B. Anthony
The south was mostly agricultural (small villages, farms and plantations) and needed _________ for it's economy
Slavery
In the north, there were many ________ and people had jobs other than farming.
Cities (industry)
Due to industry in the North, they favored ________ on imported goods from foreign countries
Tariffs (taxes)
In the south, farmers were against tariffs because…
they would increase the price of imported goods
The south was also concerned about tariffs because….
their relationship with England and the exportation of cotton (cash crop of the south)
The idea of states' rights was strong in the
South
The idea of a strong central government was favored in the
North
_________felt that individual states had the power to declare any national law illegal.
Southerners
__________believed that the national government was the supreme law.
Northerners
The ________needed slavery to support their economy
South
The ____ wanted to abolish slavery feeling it was immoral
North