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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Myths |
Traditional stories that describe gods and heroes. |
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Zeus |
The chief god of the Greeks. |
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The Greeks believed that when people died they went to a gloomyworld beneath the earth that was ruled over by a god named_____ |
Hades |
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_______ helped express the religious beliefs of the Greeks and helped explainnatural events. |
Mythology |
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_________is the highest mountain in Greece, and it was the place whereGreeks believed the gods lived. |
Mount Olympus |
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Prophecy |
A prediction about the future. |
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Oracle |
A sacred shrine where a priest or priestess spoke for a god orgoddess. |
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Delphi |
Location of the most famous oracle in Greece. |
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Epics |
Long poems that told about heroic deeds. The earliest Greek stories. |
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Homer |
Greek poet who wrote the epics Iliadand Odyssey during the 700s BC |
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The Iliad and Odyssey were based on |
stories about a war between Greece and Troy. (The Trojan War) |
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Aesop |
Greek slave who made up famous fables that would end with amessage or moral. |
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Fable |
A short tale that teaches a lesson and ends with a message or moral. In most fablesanimals talk and act like people. |
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Drama |
A story told by actors who pretend to be characters in thestory. |
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Tragedy |
A drama where a person struggles to overcome difficulties butfails. |
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Comedy |
A drama that has a happy ending. |
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Philosophers |
Greek thinkers who believed that the human mind could understandanything. (Pondered questions about life) |
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Philosophers |
Greek thinkers who believed that the human mind could understandanything. (Pondered questions about life) |
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Greek philosophy would lead to the study of______ |
history, political science, science, and math. |
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Sophists |
Professional teachers who traveled from city to city teachingothers. |
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Sophists did not believe that______ |
the gods and goddesses influenced people. They also rejected the idea ofabsolute right and wrong |
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Socrates |
Athenian sculptor whose true love was philosophy. He believedthat an absolute truth existed that all real knowledge was within each person. |
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Socratic method |
Method of asking questions to force pupils to use theirreasoning and to see things for themselves. |
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SocratesThe Athenian leaders accused the _____ of misleading the youth and teaching the to rebel against thestate. He would be brought to trial. |
The Athenian leaders accused the _____ of misleading the youth and teaching the to rebel against the state. He would be brought to trial. |
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Socrates |
was found guilty and sentenced to death. He was forced to drinkpoison to carry out the sentence. |
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Plato |
One of Socrates’ students. He rejected the idea of democracy asa government. He would open school in Athensknown as the Academy. |
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Republic |
was a book written by Plato. It describes Plato’s ideas aboutgovernment. |
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Plato did not think that____ |
rule by the people produced fair and sensible policies. Hebelieved that philosophers and kings should rule society. |
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Aristotle |
One of Plato’s best students. He would open his own school knownas the Lyceum where he taught the “golden mean”. |
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golden mean |
was the idea that a person should do nothing in excess. |
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Herodotus |
Greek historian who wrote Historyof the Persian Wars. He tried to separate fact fromlegend. Considered the “father of history” |
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Thucydides |
Considered by many to be the greatest historian of the ancientworld. He wrote History of thePeloponnesian War. |
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Macedonia was a_____ |
area north of Greece that had become a powerful kingdom by the 400s B.C. They werewarriors that fought well on horseback. |
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Philip II ____ |
became king of Macedonia in 359 BC. He had lived in Greece as ayoung man and admired their art,ideas, and armies. |
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Philip II wanted____ |
to unite the Greek city-states with his kingdom so that he wouldbe strong enough to defeat thePersian Empire. |
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The Peloponnesian War___ |
had left the Greek city-states weak and divided. Population had declined and many youngGreeks had left to join the Persian army. |
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The Battle of Chaeronea is were_____ |
Philip II crushed the Greek allies giving him control of most of Greece. (PhilipII would be murdered before he could invade the Persian Empire)` |
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Alexander was______ |
the son of Philip II. He became king at age 20 after his fatherwas murdered. Alexanderwould carry on the invasion of Persia that his father had started. |
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In 334 BC |
Alexander led an invasion of Asia Minor with 37,000 Macedonianand Greek foot soldiers. They wereable to destroy the local Persian forces. |
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By 332 BC |
Alexander had conquered Syria and Egypt. In Egypt he would buildthe city of Alexandria. |
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Alexandria became_____ |
the center of business and trade. It was one of the most importantcities of the ancient world. |
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In 326 BC |
Alexander crossed the Indus River into India where he foughtmany bloody battles. His soldierswere weary of continuous war and refused to go any farther. Alexander agreed to lead them home. |
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In 323 BC |
Alexander came down with a bad fever from wounds he had sufferedin battle. After ten days he diedat the age of 32. |
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Today we know him as___ |
Alexander the Great, because of his reputation as a leader and warrior. |
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Alexander would____ (his legacy) |
extend Greek and Macedonian rule over a vast area and spreadGreek art, ideas, language,and architecture. He would also bring ideas back from Asia & Africa. |
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Hellenistic |
refers to the spread of Greek language and ideas to thenon-Greek people of southwest Asia. |
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After the death of Alexander_____ |
his generals fought each other for control and the empire he had built fell apart.Four separate kingdoms took its place. |
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The Library at Alexandria |
held more than 500,000 scrolls that were useful in the study of literature andlanguage. |
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During the Hellenistic era |
new cities were being founded and old ones were being rebuilt. Kings wanted their citesto be like the cultural centers of Greece. |
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Epicureanism |
was a philosophy founded by Epicurus. It taught that happinesswas the goal of life and to not worry about things |
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Stoicism |
was a philosophy developed by a Phoenician named Zeno. He taughtthat happiness came fromreason, not emotion, and doing one’s duty. |
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Aristarchus |
was an astronomer who claimed that the sun was the center of theuniverse and that the Earth circledthe sun. At this time his ideas were rejected. |
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Eratosthenes |
was an astronomer in charge of the Library at Alexandria. Heconcluded that the Earth was round. Healso measured the distance around the Earth, its distance from the the sun and from themoon. |
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Euclid |
is Greek’s most famous mathematician. He wrote the book Elements which describes plane geometry. |
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Plane geometry |
is a branch of mathematics that shows how points, lines, angles,and surfaces relate to oneanother. |
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Archimedes |
was the most famous scientist of the Hellenistic Era. He workedon solid geometry and figured outthe value of pi. |
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Solid geometry |
is the study of spheres and cylinders. |
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To defend the city of Syracuse, _____ |
Archimedes designed catapults that hurled arrows, spears, and rocks at the enemy. |