Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are 3 reasons why the population in the colonies continued to grow |
immigration
colonial women married early and had large families america especially new england was a healthy place to live |
|
farming in new england was the main economic activity but the farms were smaller. why?
|
long winters and thin rocky soil made large scale farming difficult
|
|
farmers in new england practiced subsistence farming. what it that?
|
subsistence farming is when farmers produce just enough to meet the needs of their families with little left over to sell and exchange
|
|
what were the two important industries in new england?
|
shipbuilding
fishing |
|
what did new england have?
who did large new england towns attract? |
small businesses
craftspeople (blacksmiths, showmeakers, gunsmiths, printers, furniture makers) |
|
how was the center of the shipping trade in america linked to other places?
|
northern colonies linked with the southern colonies and linked america to the other parts of the world
|
|
where did new england ships sail to trade with colonies and with islands in the west indies
|
south along the Atlantic coast
|
|
merchant ships followed routes called the triangular trade. what is triangular trade and why is it called that?
|
a trade route that exchanged goods and people between the west indies ,
the american colonies, and west Africa routes formed a triangle |
|
what are all the legs of the trianglualr trade?
|
leg one-- ships brought sugar and molasses from the west indies to the new england colonies
leg two-- rum made from the molassees and other goods were shipped from the new England colonies to west Africa and traded for enslaved Africans leg three-- enslaved Africans shipped to america in enchange for trade goods and enslaved Africans were taken to the west indies where they were sold to planters. (profit used to buy molasses and cycle repeats) |
|
what was the inhumane part of the triangular trade where enslaved Africans were shipped to the west indies called?
|
the middle passage
|
|
farmers in the middle colonies cultivated larger areas of what than the new englanders ? why?
|
larger farm land
fertile soil and milder climate than new England's |
|
in new York and Pennsylvania farmers grew cash crops. what are cash crops? what is an example of a cash crop?
|
farm crops raised for money that could be sold easily in markets in the colonies and overseas.
wheat |
|
what are the two major cities that became busy ports because farmers sent cargoes of wheat and livestock there?
|
New York City
Philadelphia |
|
what were the industries of the middle colonies?
|
small businesses (home based crafts like carpentry )
larger businesses (manufacturing lunmbering mining) |
|
what did German, along with the dutch Swedish and other non-English immigrants give the middle colonies?
what came as a result of what they gave? |
a cultural diversity or variety that was not found in New England
with the diversity came tolerance for religious and cultural differences |
|
what was the principal cash crop of Maryland and Virginia?
where was it sold? |
tobacco
Europe |
|
planters in MD and VA needed laborers for growing tobacco so who did they use?
|
at first used indentured servants but became scarce and expensive
then used enslaved Africans instead |
|
what was the main cash crop in south Carolina and Georgia?
what did it end up being more profitable than? |
rice
tobacco |
|
why did rice growersin SC and GA rely on slave labor?
|
because rice harvesting required so much strenuous work
|
|
what is tidewater ?
|
a region of flat low lying plains along the seacoast.
|
|
where were most large southern plantation located?
what were each of these plantations? |
tidewater
self-contained communities with fields, a chapel and school, seperste kitchrns , main house with servants, slave cabins, outbuildings and stables |
|
what was the backcountry?
|
a region of hills and forests near Appalachian mtns
|
|
what did the back country mostly consist of?
how did its farmers usually work? |
small farms that grew tobacco and corn
usually worked alone or with their families |
|
in the southern colonies
what outnumbered the large plantation owners ? |
independent small farmers of the back country
|
|
what did the larger plantation owners control
why did they have contorl even though they were outnumbered? |
the economic and political life of religion
had greater wealth and more influence |
|
who was hired by plantstion owners to be in charge of the fields?
|
overseers
|
|
what are overseers
|
bosses that kept the slaves working hard
|
|
many colonies had slave codes. what are slave codes
|
strict rules governing the behavior and punishment of enslaved Africans
|
|
what usually happened to African families?
|
were often town apart and sold to other salveholders
|
|
what did slaves develop
and what did it draw on? |
culture that drew on the languages and customs of their west African homelands
|
|
what did some enslaved Africans learn?
what could they earn as a result of what they learned? |
trades(carpentry blacksmithing weaving)
profits from stores they sometimes set up and some could buy their freedom |
|
who of the white southerners were not slave holders?
|
majority of white southerners didn't own slaves
|
|
what played an important role in the economic success of the southern colonies even though most white southerners werent involved?
|
slavery
|
|
many didn't agree with slavery. who were these group of people?
|
some colonists
many puritans Quakers Mennonites |
|
Why did slavery grow on the southern plantations?
Why was slave labor neccesary? |
The size of the property needed slave labor and they were better than indentured servants that soon became scarce and expensive
With the growing demand for tobacco and rice, slave labor was necessary to help meet the demands of the economy |