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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What was the February 1945 conference? |
- Allied forced could see that World War 2 would soon end - the “big three” (Stalin, FDR, Churchill) net at Yalta - Attempted to plan how the war would end and the future for postwar Europe - they planned to re draw the map of Europe |
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What are the key points from Yalta? |
- the surrender of Nazi Germany, Germany would undergo demilitarization and denazification - Germany and Berlin would split into four occupied zones - nazi war criminals were to be hunted down and brought to justice - German reparations were to be in form of forced labour - Stalin tried to request 16 soviet socialist republics to U.N membership, but 14 republics were denied - a Committee on Dismemberment of Germany was to be set up to decide whether Germany was to be divided into 6 nations |
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What did the Allies agree to in Potsdam? |
- to divide Germany and Austria into American, British, French, and Soviet zones of occupation - for an allowance of free elections in Poland - the Germans would pay 20 billion dollars in reparations to the Allies - to restructure the German economy to agriculture and light industry, and limit military production - that the Soviet Union would enter the Pacific war against japan |
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What were the two ideologies conflicting within the Cold War and what did the countries want to avoid? |
- USA and Soviet Union between East and West wanted to avoid another shooting war and the USA had an atomic bomb to use as a bargaining chip - it was an economic, political, and social struggle of communism and capitalist competing ideologies |
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What are spheres of influence and give an example regarding World War 2? |
- sphere of influence are those countries or territories over which a more power country dominates (but does not control) - each country sought to expand their spheres of influence in the wake of the war |
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What is the iron curtain? |
- the iron curtain symbolizes the ideological conflict and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas |
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What is NATO bad how did it view the iron curtain? |
- NATO includes the US and Western Democracies - viewed the concept of the iron curtain as a barrier meant to contain those oppressed by communism and.... - a restriction to civil and economic freedoms |
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What was the Soviets alternative to the American Aid? |
- the soviets proposed the Molotov Plan - was bilateral trade agreements that helped to consolidate the economies of socialist countries (Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, east Germany) - helped to solidify Soviet preceded in Europe |
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How did countries during WW2 help work towards national security? |
- countries began to look for new alliances for financial/military aid (some for shared ideologies and some for increased national security) - western countries banded together for national security through the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) |
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How did countries during WW2 help work towards national security? |
- countries began to look for new alliances for financial/military aid (some for shared ideologies and some for increased national security) - western countries banded together for national security through the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) |
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How did Eastern And Western countries solidify collective security? |
- nato formed their alliance to ensure collective security - all member nations agreed to counter attack anyone who attacked any member nation - the Soviet Union and other communist countries responded by forming the Warsaw Pact - They also formed the Molotov plan into the council for mutual economic assistance (COMECON) |
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How did Stalin justify expansionism? |
- he wanted to keep Germany divided - he wanted to maintain or expand Soviet influence to surrounding nations including Finland, Poland, and used Romania as a buffer zone for the safety of the Soviet Union |
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How did the US use containment and what doctrine was created and why? |
- President Truman believed every nation had to choose between an ideology, but he believed capitalism was the inferior choice - limited the spread of communism through containment - the “Truman Doctrine” was centred around sending money/aid to Greece and Turkey to help them fight communism in their countries (to contain it) |
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What was the Marshall Plan and the conditions of it? |
- the Marshall Plan contained 13 billion in aid for all European countries that qualified - to get aid countries had to balance their budgets, stop inflation, and stabilize exchange rates - countries also had to get rid of trade restrictions, decontrol prices and redid nationalizing industries |