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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two core studies for Social Psychology? |
Milgram (1963)- Responses to people in authority, and Bocchiaro et al (2012) disobedience and whistle blowing. |
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What is Obedience? |
Obedience involves (a) being ordered or instructed to do something, (b) being influenced by an authority figure of superior status (c) the maintenance of social power and status of the authority figure in a hierarchical society. |
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what major event was one of the precursors to Milgram's study? How does it relate to the rest of his study? |
WWII, where millions of innocent of people were slaughtered on command. Although such acts originated in the mind of one man, but were carried out by thousands, and so brings into question the effect of authority, linking to Milgram. |
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Name two theories on which Milgram's study is based. |
- obedience is the mechanism that links individual action to political purpose. - according to Milgram (1992) obedience involves the 'abdication of individual judgement in the face of some external pressure. - the above definition of obedience. - a person commanded by a legitimate authority usually obeys. - obedience serves a number of productive functions with the survival of society depending on it's existence. |
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What was the aim of Milgram's study? |
The aim of this study was to investigate the process of obedience by testing how far an individual will go in obeying an authority figure, even when the command breeches the moral code that an individual should not hurt another person against their will. |
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What is the agentic state, and who adopts it in a situation involving obedience? What situations could this be applied to? |
The agentic state is adopted by a subordinate and involves the subordinate becoming the instrument for carrying out another's wishes. This could be applied to acts seen in WWII, the Balkans conflicts, and the atrocities in Rwanda. |
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In terms of research methods, what was Milgram's study? |
This study is generally considered to be a controlled observation as there was no independent variable, despite the fact that Milgram refers to it as an experiment. |
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Where did Milgram's study take place? What did this ensure? |
In a laboratory at Yale University. This ensured a level of control that could not be achieved in the field. |
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In Milgram's study, how was data recorded? |
Data was gathered by both the experimenter who was in the same room as the participant, and others who observed the experiment through 2 way mirrors. |
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What is an ethical issue raised by the observation method used in Milgram's study? did this method have any benefits despite the ethical issue? |
Participants did not know that they were being observed and so deception was an issue. However, this limited the amount of participant bias as the participants would not change their behaviour due to being observed |
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Between what range were the estimates given by 14 Yale students prior to Milgram's experiment? What was the mean? |
Estimates ranged between 1 and 3, with a mean of 1.2 |
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What was the sample size in Milgram's study? name two problems with the way the study was sourced. |
40 male participants from the New Haven area. problems include that they were all one gender, and were from the same area (and so likely to be from the same socioeconomic background) so data couldn't be generalized easily. also, the participants were paid to take part, meaning that they could be more willing to fulfill their perceived demand characteristics. |
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In the study, which role was the participant always given? Why was this? |
The participant was always given the role of 'teacher' as the learner was a colleague of Milgram and so would fake the effects of electrocution. |
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Describe the set up of the experiment. |
The learner was strapped to a chair with electrodes attached to his arms, and a trial shock of 45V was given to simulate genuineness. The teacher was sat in front of an electric shock generator. |
