Social Psychology Ch 7

Front 1

Attitudes

Back 1

Evaluations of people, objects, and ideas

Front 2

Cognitively Based Attitude

Back 2

And attitude based primarily on people’s beliefs about the properties of an attitude

Front 3

Affectively Based Attitude

Back 3

An attitude based more on people’s feelings and values than on their beliefs about the nature of an attitude object

Front 4

Classical Conditioning

Back 4

The phenomenon whereby a stimulus that elicits an emotion response is repeatedly paired with a neutral stimulus that does not until the neutral stimulus takes on the emotional properties of the first stimulus

Front 5

Operant Conditioning

Back 5

The phenomenon whereby behavior that people freely choose to perform increase or decrease in frequency, depending on whether they are followed by positive reinforcement or punishment

Front 6

Behaviorally Based Attitude

Back 6

An attitude based on observations of how one behaves toward an attitude object

Front 7

Explicit Attitudes

Back 7

Attitudes that we consciously endorse and can easily report

Front 8

Implicit Attitudes

Back 8

Attitudes that are involuntary, uncontrollable, and at times unconscious

Front 9

Persuasive Communication

Back 9

Communication (e.g., a speech or television ad) advocating a particular side of an issue

Front 10

Yale Attitude Change Approach

Back 10

The study of the conditions under which people are most likely to change their attitudes in response to persuasive messages, focusing on “who said what to whom” –the source of the communication, the nature of the communication, and the nature of the audience

Front 11

Elaboration Likelihood Model

Back 11

And explanation of the two ways in which persuasive communication can cause attitude change; centrally, when people are motivated and have the ability to pay attention to the arguments in the communication, and peripherally, when people do not pay attention to the arguments but are instead swayed by surface characteristics (e.g., who gave the speech)

Front 12

Central Route to Persuasion

Back 12

The case whereby people elaborate on a persuasive communication, listening carefully to and thinking about the arguments, as occurs when people have both the ability and the motivation to listen carefully to a communication

Front 13

Peripheral Route to Persuasion

Back 13

The case whereby people do not elaborate on the arguments in a persuasive communication but are instead swayed by peripheral cues

Front 14

Need for Cognition

Back 14

A personally variable reflecting the extent to which people engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive activities

Front 15

Fear-Arousing Communications

Back 15

Persuasive messages that attempt to change people’s attitudes by arousing their fears

Front 16

Heuristic-Systematic Model of Persuasion

Back 16

An explanation of the two ways in which persuasive communications can cause attitude change; either systematically processing the merits of the arguments or using mental shortcuts (heuristics), such as “experts are always right”

Front 17

Attitude Inoculation

Back 17

Making people immune to attempts to change their attitudes by initially exposing them to small doses of the arguments against their position

Front 18

Reactance Theory

Back 18

The idea that when people feel their freedom to perform a certain behavior is threatened, an unpleasant state of reactance is aroused, which they can reduce by performing the threatened behavior

Front 19

Attitude Accessibility

Back 19

The strength of the association between and attitude object and a person’s evaluation of that object, measured by the speed with which people can report how they feel about the object

Front 20

Theory of Planned Behavior

Back 20

The idea that the best predictors of a person’s planned, deliberate behaviors are the person’s attitude toward specific behaviors, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control

Front 21

Subliminal Messages

Back 21

Words or pictures that are not consciously perceived but may nevertheless influence people’s judgments, attitudes, and behaviors

Front 22

Stereotype Threat

Back 22

The apprehension experienced by members of a group that their behavior might confirm a cultural stereotypes