Social Psychology Ch 11

Front 1

Prosocial Behavior

Back 1

Any act performed with the goal of benefiting another person

Front 2

Altruism

Back 2

The desire to help another person even if it involves a cost to the helper

Front 3

Kin Selection

Back 3

The idea that behaviors that help a genetic relative are favored by natural selection

Front 4

Norm of Reciprocity

Back 4

The expectation that helping others will increase the likelihood that they will help us in the future

Front 5

Empathy

Back 5

The ability to put oneself in the shores of another person and to experience events and emotions (e.g., joy and sadness) the way that person experiences them

Front 6

Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis

Back 6

The idea that when we feel empathy for a person, we will attempt to help that person purely for altruistic reasons, regardless of what we have to gain

Front 7

Altruistic Personality

Back 7

The qualities that cause an individual to help others in a wide variety of situations

Front 8

In-Group

Back 8

The group with which an individual identifies as a member

Front 9

Out-Group

Back 9

Any group with which an individual does not identify

Front 10

Negative-State Relief Hypothesis

Back 10

The idea that people help in order to alleviate their own sadness and distress

Front 11

Urban Overload Hypothesis

Back 11

The theory that people living in cities are constantly being bombarded with stimulation and that they keep to themselves to avoid being overwhelmed by it

Front 12

Bystander Effect

Back 12

The finding that the greater the number of bystanders who witness and emergency, the less likely any one of them is to help

Front 13

Pluralistic Ignorance

Back 13

Bystanders assuming that nothing is wrong in an emergency because no one else looks concerned

Front 14

Diffusion of Responsibility

Back 14

The phenomenon whereby each bystander’s sense of responsibility to help decreases as the number of witness increases