Social Psychology: Altruism Chapter 9

Front 1

Define Altruism

Back 1

The motive to increase others welfare without conscious regard for ones interest

Front 2

Theory that states human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one's rewards and minimize ones costs

Back 2

Social Exchange Theory

Front 3

Name the strategy involves in the social exchange theory?

Back 3

Minimize costs Maximize rewards, or the Minimax theory.

Front 4

What did B.F. Skinner see at the true cause for Altruism?

Back 4

When there was no explanation or an inability to find the cause for helping others.

Front 5

What is the motive to increase one's own value or welfare (the opposite of Altruism)

Back 5

Egoism

Front 6

What are two internally motivates reasons people help others?

Back 6

To relieve distress or anxiety from observing the other
To reduce guilt of having done bad before

Front 7

What are some ways people release guilt?

Back 7

Confessions
helping others
Doing a good deed

Front 8

What are three emotional states that do not induce helping behaviors and why?

Back 8

Anger
Depression
Profound Grief

When one is self occupied, one helps less

Front 9

What are the two "social norms" associated with altruistic behaviors?

Back 9

Reciprocity Norm
Social Responsibility Norm

Front 10

The expectation that people will help and not hurt those who have helped them.

Back 10

The Reciprocity Norm

Front 11

What is the norm of Social responsibility?

Back 11

The act of helping others who are deservedly in need, with out regard for future exchanges.

Front 12

What norms do those of the Conservative political party typically follow?

Back 12

Only give what they deserve, or give if they deserve help.

Front 13

What attribution is important for the Social Responsibility Norm to be executed?

Back 13

Feelings of Sympathy for the other.

Front 14

What are the three theories that explain altruism?

Back 14

Social Exchange Theory
Social Norms Theory
Evolutionary Psychology

Front 15

In what two ways is genetic selfishness predisposed toward Altruism?

Back 15

Kin Protection
Reciprocity

Front 16

In the three theories used to explain altruism (social exchange, social norms and evolutionary) how do they explain behaviors toward mutual altruism?

Back 16

Social exchange: Seeking External Rewards
Social Norms: Reciprocity Norm
Evolutionary Theory: Reciprocity

Front 17

In the three theories used to explain altruism (social exchange, social norms and evolutionary) How are behaviors that intrinsically motivated explained?

Back 17

Social exchange: Internal Rewards (relieve guilt and distress)
Social Norms: (Social Responsibility Norms)
Evolutionary Theory: Kin Selection

Front 18

What role does Empathy have in Altruism

Back 18

Those who feel empathy towards another are more inclined to be altruistic and help the other.

Front 19

The vicarious experience of another's feelings, or being able to put oneself in anothers shoes is called?

Back 19

Empathy

Front 20

In what Situations might altruism fail to show itself?

Back 20

When those feeling empathy with the sufferer also knows an alternative event that will relieve tension is to occur

Front 21

Does Altruism REALLY exist according to psychologist?

Back 21

Only when empathy (a part of human nature) is present in the individual

Front 22

Describe the Decision Tree proposed by Latane and Darley: There are three steps a bystander takes

Back 22

Was distress Noticed?
How is distress Interpreted?
Will individual take responsibility?

Front 23

Tendency to overestimate others ability to "read" into our internal states.

Back 23

Illusion of transparency

Front 24

Two reasons for why City dwelling people are less prone to help those in distress?

Back 24

Compassion Fatigue
Sensory Overload

Front 25

In what situations of emergency will a group take action to help?

Back 25

When the situation is clear and not ambiguous.

Front 26

Describe the feeling of elevation?

Back 26

Distinctive feeling in the chest of warmth and expansion

Front 27

How do Time pressures effect helping behaviors

Back 27

Those who are pressed for time, or on a way to an important date will be less likely to help than those who are not.

Front 28

What personality traits are associated with helping behaviors?

Back 28

Emotionality
Empathy
Self-efficacy
High Self Monitoring

Front 29

How can one reduce the anonymity effect in bystanders

Back 29

By creating a personal interaction:
Eye Contact
Conversation
Anticipation of future interactions

Front 30

What is Moral inclusion and Moral exclusion?

Back 30

Moral inclusion is the inclusion of all people within ones own moral concerns

Moral exclusion is the exclusion of "others" from ones own moral concerns.

Front 31

What are six steps to take to increase altruistic behavior?

Back 31

Reduce ambiguity and Increase Responsibility
Enable feelings of guilt and concern to arise towards self image
Teach Moral Inclusion
Model Altruism
Make Helping behavior to be perceive as Altruistic
Increase awareness of Altruism (Teach it)