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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the definition of conflict?
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a perceived incompatibility of goals
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What is the definition of aggression?
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behavior whose immediate intent is to hurt someone
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What did the Bushman & Geen Study about models of aggression illustrated by having people view an innocuous vs violent film and then perform Buss's aggression machine study ?
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compared with those who had watched an innocuos film, people who has watched a highly aggressive boxing match gave other participants stronger shocks on Buss's "aggression machine"
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What is the idea of catharsis
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expressing an emotion can keep it from building up. isn't true
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What did the Park et. al. study about violent media causing aggression show in juvenile delinquent boys?
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Boys who saw aggressive films committed more physical attacks than those who viewed neutral film.
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What is realistic conflict theory?
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the theory that intergroup hostility arises from competition among groups for scarce but valued material resources
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What did the Taylor & Moriarty study show about realistic conflict theory?
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Compared with the cooperative groups the groups in competition for scarce and valued resources like in-group membership better than out-group members.
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What is relative deprivation theory?
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the theory that feelings of discontent arise from the belief that other individuals or other groups are better off.
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Egoistic relative deprivation
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sense you are doing less well than other people. (ex-BMW in neighbors driveway)
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Fraternal Relative Deprivation
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sense that one's group is not doing as well as other groups
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Which is more likely to cause conflict: Egoistic or Fraternal Deprivation?
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Fraternal Deprivation
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What did the Deutsch & Krauss study find?
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The mere availability of a potential threat is enough to bring about its use. Once people have coercive means at their disposal they shift from reward seeking to socially competitive behavior.
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What is a unilateral threat condition in the Deustch & Krauss trucking company study?
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The acme company having control of the gate- result large loss in profit for bolt company and also for acme company
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what is a bilateral threat condition in the Deustch & Krauss Trucking study?
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when both parties had control of the gate- cost to both parties was extreme and unnecessary
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When threats are not permitted or when opponents learn to avoid making threats that spark retaliation what can effectively deter and resolve conflict?
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communication
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What are three blind spots that develop when there is conflict between in-group and out-group members
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1. the in-group can do no wrong
2. the out-group can do no right 3. the in-group is all powerful |
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What did the Suefield and Tetlock study show about US- Soviet leadership portayals of each other in public speeches during east-west crisis conflict
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During crisis both sides reflected simplistic thinking but when tension relaxed there were more complex statements.
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What is the definition of Altruism?
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behavior intended to help someone else without any prospect of personal rewards
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What is Egoism?
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Behavior motivated by the desire to obtain personal rewards
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Helping is dependent of people's perception of someone as?
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needing and deserving help
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What is audience inhibition?
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the fear of appearing foolish in front of others
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What did the Latane & Darley Study show about people's reaction to smoke in a classroom where they were filling out questionnaires
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If alone: sought help
With people who did nothing: did nothing |
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What did the Latane & Darley Study about people being influences by others to help someone in an emergency
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The more people who didn't react= they didn't react
4 people= 62% helped alone: helped |
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In a social dilemma rewards for each individual are
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in direct conflict with what is best for the group
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What can motivate people to act for the good of the group, regardless of personal cost or benefits?
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Connectedness
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What is a social dilemma?
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a form of interdependence in which the most rewarding action for each individual will, if chosen by all individuals, produce a negative outcome for the entire group
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what two types of social dilemmas offer insight into the social-psych proccesses?
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1-resource depletion dilemmas
2-public goods dilemmas |
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What did the Caporael study about public goods dilemmas expressed by a donation of $5 to receive a public good result in?
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50% made the donation, few collected bonus. People relied on everyone else being a better citizen while they were enjoying a free-ride
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We expect to find more cooperation with women because of their greater emphasis on?
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connectednes with others
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There tends to be more cooperation found in what kind of cultures?
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interdependent and group oriented cultures
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When Caporael et. al asked people why they contributed what was their response
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I thought most others would contribute too.
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When Caporael et. al allowed communication what percent of the group donated to the public good?
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84%
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When arousal is high and time for reflection is limited people act on the basis of what?
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most accessible motives or norms
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Planned helping involves
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systematic processing
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What does Baston et. al. suggest in thier empathy-altruism model?
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People experience 2 emotions when they see someone in trouble: personla distress (alarm, axiety etc.) or empathetic concern (sympathy etc.)
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What did the Baston study show when they tested people primed for empathy/non-empathy after watching a person given 10 shocks?
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high empathy-high percentage of thsoe that could not escape and had to watch volunteered to take the place of the person being shocked
low empathy-walked out the door |
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What is negotiation?
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the process by which parties in conflict communicate and influence each other to reach agreement
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What are the two types of aggression?
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Instrumental- agression used as a means to an end, to control others or obtain valuable reasources.
Hostile- driven by spontaneous anger due to insult, disrespect or other threats to self-esteem |
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What triggers instrumental aggression?
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the prosepect of rewards
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what motivates hostile agression?
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anger or negative feelings
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conflict is resolved by which 3 solutions
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distributive- mutual compromise and concessions that carve up a fixed-size pie or imposed
imposed-dictated by one party and integrative- both benefit |
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what are superordinate goals?
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shared goals that can be attained only if groups work together
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what is prosocial behavior
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behavior intended to help someone else
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Which kinds of helping has been natuarally selected because becasue they increase survival of specific genes.
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reciprocal and kin helping
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negative-state relief model of helping
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theory that begins with the assumption people hate to watch others suffer, so helping is due to relieve helper's own distress
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