Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Discontinuity effect
|
-intergroup behavior is much more competitive than inter-individual behavior
-Often represented by the prisoner’s dilemma game |
|
Discontinuity
|
-reason for intergroup competition
-schemas of fear and greed -if you fear that the other group will act competitively, you act competitively as well |
|
Social Identity Theory
|
-reason for intergroup competition
-part of our self esteem comes from the groups that we belong to and therefore we want our groups to do better than other groups – leading to competitive behavior – even if you have been placed into a group with people you do not know – becomes us vs them -does not happen when it involves 2 individuals – only groups that tend to do this |
|
Diffusion of Responsibility
|
-reason for intergroup competition
-people do not feel 100% responsible for being competitive when in a group – responsibility is diffused across the group – individuals do feel responsible |
|
Social Support for Greed
|
-reason for intergroup competition
-study was done where they planted a confederate in each group – confederate told to act 1 of 3 ways: offer a potentially competitive notion, don’t say anything, offer the more cooperative notion – if confederate offers competitive notion- group performed competitively 80% of the time – social support |
|
Deindividuation
|
-reason for intergroup competition
-in group settings it is easier to be deindividuated – other group members may not necessarily know who you are – tends to lead toward competition |
|
Reciprocity effects
|
-reason for intergroup competition
-if you behave competitively to me, I’m going to behave competitively back -individuals sometimes feel bad about having acted competitively – groups do not feel this way |
|
Ingroup-outgroup bias
|
-reason for intergroup competition
-ingroup – you think your own group is more deserving, better and therefore it is okay to act competitively -outgroup – different and less deserving – not as good a group as your group |
|
Group Norms
|
-reason for intergroup competition
-norms emerge within groups that do not emerge the same way to individuals -it becomes normative and okay to behave competitively – people expect groups to behave competitively -individuals do not have this same norm – norm is to cooperate |
|
Contact Effects
(reduction of intergroup competition) |
hypothesis: if you put people from different groups together and have them have equal contact on equal footing – the groups will begin to see how similar they are instead of furthering their beliefs that they are different from each other – eg. Brown vs. the Board of Education – ending segregation in public school systems
|
|
Robber's Cave Study
|
summer camp, 10 yr old boys, similar backgrounds, created competition using sports,etc. Intergroup competition increased and teams did things to eachother; tried to reduce by contact effects but was it didnt work. "Superior level goals" reduced competition (boys from different groups had to solve problem for good of camp)
|
|
Jigsaw Classroom
|
each person in class is responsible for a piece of the project; each person is dependent on the others and if the others are doing their parts correctly; decreased intergorup competition; students saw each other as more similar b/c they had to rely on each other to do well
|
|
Positive Intergroup Examples
|
two groups; first created intergroup conflict then took a group member from each group and they had to do a task together; intergroup competition dropped b/c if one person knew a member of the other group they were less inclined to think the other group was bad
|
|
Stereotypes
|
set of beliefs about attributes of a group
|
|
prejudice
|
unfavorable attitude about a group
|
|
discrimination
|
unfavorable behavior toward a group
|
|
measurement of prejudice/discrimination
|
direct: self-report/diagnostic ratio
indirect: physiological responses (implicit association tests IAT) |
|
diagnostic ratio
|
assign adjectives that apply to particular group and apply adjectives applying to humans as a whole; if you apply more negative adjectives to outgroup then it is assumed you have negative streotype regarding that group
|