Social Development Chapter 9

Front 1

Thanatos

Back 1

Freuds name for inborn self destructive instincts

Front 2

Behavioral definition of aggression

Back 2

Any action that delivers noxious stimuli to another organism

Front 3

Intentional definition of aggression

Back 3

Any action intended to harm or injure another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment

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Hostile aggression

Back 4

Aggressive acts for which perpetrators major goal is to harm or injure a victim

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Instrumental aggression

Back 5

Aggressive acts for which the perpetrators major goal is to gain access to objects, space, or privileges

Front 6

Empathy

Back 6

The ability to experience vicariously the same emotions that someone else is experiencing

Front 7

Frustration/aggression hypothesis

Back 7

Early learning theory of aggression holding that frustration triggers aggression and that all aggressive acts can be traced to frustration

Front 8

Aggressive cues hypothesis

Back 8

Berkowitz notion that the presence of stimuli previously associated with aggression can evoke aggressive responses from an angry individual

Front 9

Proactive aggressors

Back 9

Highly aggressive children who find aggressive acts easy to perform and who rely heavily on aggression as a means of solving social problems or achieving other personal objectives

Front 10

Reactive aggressors

Back 10

Children who display high levels of hostile, retaliatory aggression because they overattribute hostile intents to others and can't control their anger long enough to seek nonaggressive solutions to social problems

Front 11

Hostile attributional bias

Back 11

Tendency to view harm done under ambiguous circumstances as having stemmed from a hostile intent on the part of the harm-doer characterizes reactive aggressors

Front 12

Conflict

Back 12

Circumstance in which two (or more) persons have incompatible needs, desires, or goals

Front 13

Retaliatory aggression

Back 13

Aggressive acts elicited by real or imagined provocations

Front 14

Passive Victims (of Aggression)

Back 14

Socially withdrawn and anxious children whom bullies torment, even though they appear to have done nothing to trigger such abuse

Front 15

Provocative victims (of aggression)

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Restless, hot tempered, and oppositional children who are victimized because they are disliked and often irritate their peers

Front 16

Bully/victims

Back 16

A small subset of children who are often bullied and when in turn, often bully their more positive peers

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Chronic persistence trajectory

Back 17

Growth curve of children who are highly aggressive early in life and who display the same high (or escalating) levels of aggression throughout childhood and adolescence

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High level desisted trajectory

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Growth curve of children who are highly aggressive early in life but who gradually become less aggressive throughout childhood and adolescence

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Moderate level desister trajectory

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Growth curve of children who are moderately aggressive early in life but who gradually become less aggressive throughout childhood and adolescence

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No problem trajectory

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Growth curve of children who are low in aggression throughout childhood and adolescence

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Late onset (or adolescent limited) trajectory

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Growth curve of individuals who become more aggressive, usually for a limited time, during adolescence or young adulthood after having been relatively non aggressive during childhood

Front 22

Relational Aggression

Back 22

Acts such as snubbing, exclusion, withdrawing acceptance, or spreading rumors that are aimed at damaging an adversary's self esteem, friendships, or social status

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Collective efficiency

Back 23

Term used to describe neighborhoods in which residents are well connected, neighborly, and tend to monitor events in the neighborhood( including activities of neighborhood youth) to maintain public order

Front 24

Power assertion

Back 24

A form of discipline in which an adult relies on his or her superior power ( for example, by administering spankings or withholding privileges) to modify or control a child's behavior

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Coercive home environment

Back 25

A home in which family members often annoy one another and use aggressive or otherwise antisocial tactics as a method of coping with these aversive experiences

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Negative reinforcer

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Any stimulus whose removal or termination as the consequence of an act will increase the probability that the act will occur

Front 27

Gangs

Back 27

Loosely organized groups of adolescents that hang out, identify as a group, and often partake in delinquent or criminal activities

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Catharsis hypothesis

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The notion that aggressive urges are reduced when people witness or commit real or symbolic acts of aggression

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Cathartic technique

Back 29

A strategy for reducing aggression by encouraging children to vent their anger or frustrations on inanimate objects

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Incompatible response technique

Back 30

A no punitive method of behavior modification in which adults ignore undesirable conduct while reinforcing acts that are incompatible with these responses

Front 31

Time out technique

Back 31

A form of discipline in which children who misbehave are removed from the setting until they are prepared to act more appropriately