Social Change: Population, Urbanization, And Social Movements

Front 1

Crude Birth Rate

Back 1

The number of live births for every 1,000 people in a population in a given year.

Front 2

Crude Death Rate

Back 2

The number of deaths for every 1,000 people in a population in a given year.

Front 3

Demographic Transition Theory

Back 3

A theory that links population growth to the level of technological development across three stages of social evolution.

Front 4

Demography

Back 4

The study of population growth and changes in population composition.

Front 5

Equilibrium Model

Back 5

Talcott Parsons’s functionalist view that society’s balance is disturbed by sudden social change.

Front 6

Fertility

Back 6

The number of live births.

Front 7

General Fertility Rate

Back 7

The number of live births per 1,000 women aged 15–44.

Front 8

Human Ecology School

Back 8

The study by early University of Chicago sociologists of the effects of urbanization on various aspects of city residents’ lives.

Front 9

Mass Society Theory

Back 9

William Kornhauser’s view that social isolation prompts involvement in collective behavior and social movements.

Front 10

Mechanical Solidarity

Back 10

Émile Durkheim’s conception of the type of social bonds and community feeling in small, traditional societies resulting from their homogeneity.

Front 11

Migration

Back 11

The movement of people into or out of specific regions.

Front 12

Modernization

Back 12

The process and impact of becoming more modern.

Front 13

Mortality

Back 13

The number of deaths.

Front 14

Organic Solidarity

Back 14

Émile Durkheim’s conception of the type of social bonds and community feeling in large, modern societies resulting from their division of labor and interdependence of roles.

Front 15

Relative Deprivation

Back 15

The feeling by individuals that they are deprived relative to some other group or to some ideal state they have not reached.

Front 16

Resource Mobilization Theory

Back 16

The view that social movements are a rational response to perceived grievances and that they arise from efforts by social movement leaders to mobilize the resources, especially the time, money, and energy, of aggrieved peoples and to direct them into effective political action.

Front 17

Social Change

Back 17

The transformation of culture (especially norms and values), behavior, social institutions, and social structure over time.

Front 18

Social Movement

Back 18

An organized effort by a large number of people to bring about or impede social change.

Front 19

Structural-Strain Theory

Back 19

Neil Smelser’s view that social movements and other collective behavior occur and persist when six conditions are present: structural conduciveness, structural strain, generalized beliefs, precipitating factors, mobilization for action, and weak social control.

Front 20

Total Fertility Rate

Back 20

The number of children an average woman is expected to have in her lifetime, sometimes expressed as the number of children an average 1,000 women are expected to have in their lifetimes.

Front 21

Urbanization

Back 21

The rise and growth of cities.