Social 30: Unit 3

Front 1

New Deal

Back 1

economic policies put in place by Franklin. D. Roosevelt (1933). Gave gov't more significant role in regulation of economy and providing social "safety net" programs

Front 2

labour Unions

Back 2

provides a united voice that speaks for the rights of workers

Front 3

depression/Great Depression

Back 3

Great Depression: economic crisis that began in 1929 with the stock market crash and continued through the 1930s. As a result, banks failed, factories closed, many people became unemployed and international trade declined

Front 4

Social Services

Back 4

gov't services to benefit a community in areas such as education, medical care and housing

Front 5

Frugality

Back 5

being reserved with your expenses; to not be extravagant

Front 6

Dust Bowl

Back 6

The regions of the Canadian Prairies and the Great Plains of the U.S that were devastated by drought and dust storms of 1930s

Front 7

Regulation

Back 7

rule maintained by authority

Front 8

Self-Reliance

Back 8

the quality of being solely responsible for one's own well-being

Front 9

Class Conflict

Back 9

class struggles that exist due to competing socioeconomic interests and desires between different people of different classes

Front 10

Economic Equality

Back 10

collectivist

has different meanings depending on who you talk to

for gov'ts, economic equality may come in the form of tax policies and ensuring equal wages for equal work

Front 11

Entrepreneurship

Back 11

organization or management of a business

Front 12

Primary Document

Back 12

a document created at the time of study; autobiography

Front 13

Medieval Feudalism

Back 13

a combination of legal and military concepts to create a society that involves holding of land in exchange for service or labour

Front 14

Industrial Revolution

Back 14

the movement that began in Britain in the 18th century in which machines became the new technology for faster, cheaper labour. Introduced classical and liberal ideologies

Front 15

Nouveau Riche

Back 15

the "newly wealthy" who gained their wealth during the Industrial revolution. Ex: bankers, factory workers, lawyers, doctors

Front 16

Aristocracy

Back 16

the highest class in certain societies; ones that hold all of the titles

Front 17

Free-market

Back 17

a market that operates with limited gov't intervention. Production and marketing of goods and services are decided through interaction of producers and consumers

Front 18

Individualism

Back 18

values the freedom and worth of the individual, sometimes over security and harmony of a group

Front 19

Liberal Economic Philosophies

Back 19

Depending on the context of the question, these may be economic philosophies based on either classical or modern (contemporary) liberalism.

Classical: Laissez-faire, supply-side, Reganomics, Thatcherism

Modern: Keynesian, demand-side

Front 20

Minority Rights

Back 20

individual rights to those not a part of majority rights; collectivist

Front 21

Suffrage

Back 21

the right to vote

Front 22

Classical Conservative

Back 22

says gov't should represent legac of the past and well being of present

society should be structured in a hierachial fashion

gov't should be chosen due to limited electorate

leaders should be humanitarian

stability of society is important

Front 23

"Conditions of Equality"

Back 23

classical liberals believe there is equality in opportunity, not equality in outcome. If you do your work well, you shall be rewarded with the job over someone else.

Front 24

Reaganomics/Thatcherism

Back 24

Reaganomics: economic policies of Ronald Reagan, which advocates for less gov't intervention, pro-industry, anti-labour, anti-regulation, anti-environmental regulation policies

Thatcherism: same principles as Ronald Reagan, Margret Thatcher was the Conservative PM of Britain.

Reduced gov't involvement in economy; increase economic freedom and entrepreneurship, privatized many companies

Front 25

supply-side economics

Back 25

aka trickle-down economics; reduces income and business taxes, regulation, increased gov't spending on military. The idea is that if industries thrive, their success will "trickle down" to the working class therefore benefiting the whole of society

Front 26

Amnesty International, NGOs

Back 26

NGOs are "Non-governmental Organizations." Amnesty International is an example of one. Others include Greenpeace, Doctors Without Borders, World Wildlife Foundation, Red Cross.

Front 27

Keynesian Economics

Back 27

during recessions, gov't should increase the money supply to alleviate the economic downturn and avoid a lasting depression.

Then when times were good, to raise interest rates and cut back on gov't spending to cool down the economy.

interventionist

modern liberal

Front 28

Demand-side economics

Back 28

Keynesian economics; advocates use of gov't spending and growth in the money

Front 29

Business Cycle

Back 29

In a market (capitalist) economy based on laissez-fair economics, there will be highs (booms, strong growth) followed by losts (busts, recessions/depressions). Remember that Keynesian economics was intended to minimize the extremes by the use of government intervention in the economy.

Front 30

Neoconservative

Back 30

emerged during 50s and 60s as a reaction against modern liberalism

favour "family values" and traditional ways of life; lean more towards classical liberalism but still challenges both liberalisms

Front 31

Social Welfare

Back 31

a system that provides assistance to needy individuals and families

Front 32

Cuban Missile Crisis

Back 32

the confrontation between the U.S and the Soviet Union in relation to missile placement in Cuba by the Soviets. This was the "hottest" moment of the Cold War.

1. Castro and his socialist revolution

2. Bay of Pigs invasion, which ended with greater distrust between Cuba and U.S

3. American gov't placed embargo on socialist Cuba

4. Soviets offer Cubans lots of financial aid

5. JFK orders naval blockade of Cuba

6. JFK agreed not to invade Cuba and to pull its missiles from Turkey if the Soviets removed its missiles from Cuba

(254-255)

Front 33

Detente

Back 33

A period of the COld War where both powers decided to lessen their tensions through diplomacy, arms talks and reductions, and cultural exchanges.

Front 34

Containment

Back 34

Cold War foreign policy that by establishing allies around the world, through trade and military alliance, the spread of communism would stop

Front 35

Brinkmanship

Back 35

pushing one's demand s to the point of threatening military action; usually refers to Cuban Missile Crisis

Front 36

Expansionism

Back 36

country's foreign policy of acquiring additional territory through violation of another nation's sovereignty

Front 37

Proxy Wars

Back 37

conflicts in which one superpower provides support to a group or state that opposes the rival superpower in the form of money, arms or personnel.

Front 38

Socialists (different kinds)

Back 38

Marxist

Utopian

social democrats/ democratic socialists

Front 39

Marshall Plan

Back 39

a plan to help the recovery of countries ravaged by war in Europe, communist or democratic. Wanted to strengthen Western Europe against the spread of communism

Front 40

NATO, Warsaw Pact

Back 40

North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a military alliance designed to defend member countries against attack from the Soviet Union and its allies.

Warsaw Pact: Communist equivalent to NATO, member were East Germany, USSR, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Albania, Bulgaria

Front 41

European Community

Back 41

aka European Union: The economic and political union of a number of European countries

Front 42

Berlin Blockade, "Iron Curtain"

Back 42

the barrier In Europe between self-governing, pro-democratic, pro-capitalist countries of West versus communist countries of East

Front 43

SALT agreement

Back 43

Strategic Arms Limitations Talks - first introduced in 1969,Treaty between USSR and USA to limit nuclear and offensive weapons

SALT II was never ratified because the U.S strongly opposed it and the Soviets invaded Afghanistan

Front 44

Deterrance, MAD

Back 44

Cold War policy in which the superpowers aim to deter the other in strategic advances through arms development and arms build up

MAD: mutually assured destruction: the term used for an unwinnable nuclear war. Meant to deter each side from entering into direct conflict

Front 45

Modern liberalism

Back 45

advocates for more gov't intervention

introduction of social programs

support for the middle class

human and civil rights

"freedoms of"

liberals or socialists

Front 46

Classical liberalism

Back 46

advocates for limited gov't intervention

wants the "invisible hand" to guide the market

free-market economy laissez-faire

supports business class citizens

"freedoms from"

capitalists

Front 47

Arms Race

Back 47

a competition between nations for superiority in the development and accumulation of weapons

Front 48

Direct wars / Espionage

Back 48

the practice of spying or using spies, especially to obtain secret information

Front 49

Human/ Civil rights

Back 49

Human rights: "natural rights"; rights and freedoms all humans are entitled to

civil rights: right to political and social freedom ad equality

Front 50

market-oriented

Back 50

aka: free market economy aka laissez-faire economics. advocates for less government intervention in the economy and to let the "invisible hand" of the market place determine the economy

Front 51

inflation

Back 51

an increase in the general price of products, cost of labour and interest rates

Front 52

Cradle to Grave / Womb to Tomb

Back 52

social programs and a social "safety nets" created by the government to maintain the standard of living for people.