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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
assimilate
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the process by which minorities, indigenous peoples, and immigrants lose their distinctive cultural characteristics to become like member of the dominant culture
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conflict deviance
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behavior that is subject to debate over whether or not it is deviant
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contested
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describing a practice whose moral goodness or badness, normalcy or deviance, is disputed by some members of society
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corporate crimes
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offenses committed by corporations or corporate officials
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covert characteristics
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the unstated qualities that might make a particular group a target for sanctions
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delinquent subculture
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the subordinate culture of teen gangs
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dominant culture
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the culture that through its political and economic power is able to impose its values, language, and ways of behaving and interpreting behavior on a given society
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essentialism
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the view that every ethnic group is made up of a set readily identifiable traits that have been passed down from the past to the present with little or no change
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hallucination
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an image of something that is not considered to be "objectively" there
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heteronormative
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denoting or relating to the norms, mores, rules, and laws that uphold heterosexual standards of identity and behavior and heterosexuality as natural and universal
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labelling theory
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the throy that individuals and groups outside the mainstream internalize the labels applied to them by the dominant class
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marked terms
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terms with a qualifying or distinguishing label added to it
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misogyny
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practices or beliefs in a patriarchal culture that show contempt for women
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moral entrepreneur
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someone who tried to convince others of the existence of a particular social problem that he or she has defined
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multiculturalism
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the set of policies and practices directed towards the respect for cultural differences in a country
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negative sanctions
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ways of punishing people who contravene cultural norms
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non-utilitarian
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denoting actions that are not deigned to gain financial rewards or desired possessions
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norm
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rules of standard behavior expected of a group, society, or culture
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normalized
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made to seem "normal," "right" and "good"
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occupation crimes
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offenses committed by individuals for themselves in the course of their occupations, or by employees against their employees
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other
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an exotic, often fearful image conjured up by the dominant culture of a racialized subordinate culture
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overt characteristics
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actions or qualities taken as explicitly violating the cultural norm
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patriarchal construct
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a set of social conditions structured in a way that favors men and boys over women and girls
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positive sanctions
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ways of rewarding people for following the norms of a society
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racializing deviance
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the creation of a connection, through various media, between a racialized group and a form of deviance or crime
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racial profiling
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actions undertaken supposedly of safety, security, or public protection, based on racial stereotypes, rather than reasonable suspicion
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social constructionism
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the idea that social identities such as gender, ethnicity and race do not exist naturally but are constructed by individuals or groups for different social purposes
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social resources
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the knowledge and ability required to get what one needs from the system
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status frustration
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a feeling of failure to succeed in middle class terms or institutions
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strain theory
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the theory that individuals are dram to crime because of the frustration they feel at being prevented by their real-life circumstances from attaining society's culturally defined goals
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subculture theory
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the theory that youths drawn to crime are those who becomes socialized into a delinquent culture in which the values of middle class institutions are inverted
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subculture
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a group that is organized around occupations or hobbies differing from those of the dominant culture but that is not engaged in any significant opposition to the dominant culture
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unmarked terms
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a term without any distinguishing or delimiting term added (the usual form)
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vision quest
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a rite of passage in which adolescent leaves the community for a brief period and goes without eating or sleeping in or to have a vision that will teach him or her such things as what guardian spirit he or she may have and what songs he or she would have as personal songs
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white collar crimes
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non violent crimes committed by a person of the middle or upper middle class in the course of his or her job
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stigma
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a human attribute that is seen to discredit an individual's social identity
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bodily stigmata
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any of various physical deformities
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moral stigmata
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perceived flaws in the character of an individual
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tribal stigmata
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being of a particular lineage or family that has been stigmatized
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