• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/112

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

112 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Socialization:
lifelong process of social interaction which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical mental, and social skills needed in society
Sociobiology
How bio effects social behavior

Ex: basic materials we have
Child maltreatment
Neglect, sexual/ normal abuse
Kohlberg
Preconventional level: (7-11)
Children's punishments are based on punishment and obidance
Kohlberg
Conventional Level: (10-adulthood)
People are most concerned with how they are percieved
Kohlberg
Post conventional: (Few adults reach this stage)
People view mortality as individual rights
Cooley and looking glass self
How other people think of us
Looking glass 3 step process:
1. we think how our personality and appearance will look to other people

2. We imagine how other people judge the apperance and personality we present

3. We develop a self concept. If we think others view us well then it's high, if not, low
Role-taking
to mentaly assumes the role of another person in order to understand the world from that persons point of view

Ex: when kids play dr, daddy, child
3 stages of self development
1. Preparatory stage: up to age 3, interactions are meaningless

2. 3-5 kids play roles, relations to others

3. Early schools years: Not only know there roles, but others around theres
Generalized other
Mead's term: Childs awarness of the demands of society
Agents of sociallization:
People, groups, "developing who we are"

Ex- family, church, teachers, media
Components of culture
-Symbol
- Language
-Values
- Norms
Functionalist perspective
Culture helps people meet their biological, instrumental, and expressive needs
Conflict perspectives
Ideas are a cultural creation of society. Ruling class.
Symbolic Internationalist perspective
People create, maintain, an modify culture during everyday activities
Postmodern Perspective
Much of culture today is based on simulation if reality ( what we see on tv) rather than reality itself
Peer group
Group of people who are linked by common interests, equal social positions, and usually smilar age
Anticipatory socilization
Process by which knowledge and skills are learned for future roles
Social Devaluation
A situation when a person or group is considered to have less social value then another
Ageism
Discrimination against older people
Re-socialization
learning a new attitude and just a new background
Total institution
(Goffman)
Set period of time when people are isolated from society, come under control from guards at institution
Humans two forces
1. Heredity (nature)
2. Social environment (nurture)
How do we develop a self concept?
Charles horton Cooley; looking glass self

(see ourselves through the perception of others)
What are the primary agents of socialization
1. Procreating and socializing children

2. Providing emotional support

3. Assigning social position
Media
1. informing us about world events

2. introducing us to a wide variety of people

3. providing an opportunity to live vicariously through other peoples experiances
Sociology
Study of human society and social interaction
Sociological imagination
The ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and the larger society
Auguste Comte
The father of sociology
Positivism
Belief that the world can best be understood through scientific inquiry
Emile Durkhiem
Societies fact rates
(acting and thinking)
Anomie
Losing values and senses of purpose
Karl Marx
Conflict is needed
-struggle between classes
Class conflict
The capitalist class vs. working class
Max Weber
Economic interests are important in shaping human action
-studied peoples actions
Double-consciousness
Problems with being half black, half american
Functionalist perspective
Society is stable and we mostly have same views, and beliefs
Feminist approach
Women and men are equal
Macro level analysis
Large scale social structures and social systems
Micro level
Small groups
3 functions of social society
-Structure
-Culture
-Interaction
Structure
Groups, orginizations
Culture
Norms & values, religion
Interaction
How people act and react
Primary group
Talk about relationships, sex, everything
Skeleton=

Flesh-=
Structure

Culture
Norms-
Standards, what is except able & unexpetable
Deviance
Not normal in society
Socioligical imagination (mills)
Understood the difference between personal and social issues/problems
Humanism
Tendency to work; make the world a better place
Social critics
What is wrong in society and how to correct it
Theory
Made to explain how, why, when things work
4 major theories
-Functionalist
-Conflict
-Symbolic Interactionlist
-Postmodernist
Rational choice/ exchange theory
People base their actions on what they percieve to be the most effective means to their goals.

We expect returns on our investments

Ex-selecting from a menu
Rational
Calm, free will
Hedonism
pain<pleasure
-people think about what is better for them
ex-break through wall < door
Conflict Theory:
Power, inequity, & interests
-guides everything in society
Stratification:
Seperation from power and society

ex-political= old man with white hair (society)
Functionalist Theory
Each part of society contributes to the whole

People: Durkheim & Parson
-everything will fix itself

ex-harmony, soldarity
SUI Geregris
The whole is greater the the sum of its parts

ex- when you have a broken watch it can't tell time, but put it together and it can
Symbolic interactiontionist perspectives
Society is the sum of interactions of individuals & groups

ex: Written language, shared values
(Ring; couples engagment)
Subjective Reality
How you view the world
Postmodern Perspectives
Attempts to explain social life in modern societies that are characterized postindustrial, consumerism, and global communications
Postmodern theories
Rapid social change that occurs as societies move from modern to post modern
Quantitative research
Measured numarically
Symbolic interactionist
People assign meaning to experiences and through understanding norms, culture, and ourselves

People: Mead and Blumer

Socialization: acquire our norms and values
Qualitative research
No numbers, words
Conventional Research Model
Hypothesis: What you expect to happen

Variable: Subject to change

Independent variable: Cause of relationship

Dependent variable: Caused by independent

Validity: Instrument accurately measures what it is suppose to
Research methods;
Survey research, Analysis of existing statistical data, field research & experiments
Survey method
Relationship among facts
Secondary analysis of existing data
Look at past research from others

-content analysis: poems, diaries
Field research
Watching people in their natural setting
Participant observation
being part of the activity
Ethnograph
Study by living with people for a few years
EXPERIMENTS
studies involving attitudes & behavior
control group:
Not exposed to independent varible
correlation
two variables are associated more frequently than could be expected by chance
Survey research
-Most popular
-productive & efficent

PRO's: easy to compare

CON's: Reduces social reality to #'s
Field research
-Out talking to others
-could be hours, could be years

Participant observers

Unobtrusive observers: watching but not participating

PRO's: Depth of understanding

CON's Time consuming
Case studies
Detailed reconstruction of events

-Qualitataive design

PRO's: Detailed understanding of an event from numerous angles (documents, interviews)

PRO's: Detailed understanding of an enent

CON's: Hard to generalize from 1 case
Historical & comparative research
Compares different societies at the same point and in time

(Ex- US & Germany)
Ex-Divorce, crime, unemployment

PRO's: Differences & Similarities come to light increasing understanding of the present

CON's: Time consuming, language & cultural barriers
Content Analysis
Understand how newspapers, films, song lyrics

-careful scientific examination of the social events in print

PRO's: Reveals hidden agenda

CON's: Interpretation of researcher must be checked by others
Culture:
The ways of life of a society or group

-Values, norms, non meterial ideas, & material goods they create

-language, knowledge & customs
Globalization
The world getting closer to one value system
Values defined
Central beliefs of a culture

-Individualism/freedom
Meritocracy
If you work hard & succeed you get what you deserve
Norms
Do's and Don'ts in society

Opposite of norm= devience
Informal norm=
Folway
High culture
Opera, classical
Pop culture
Radio, high seats at a game
Cultures vary from place to place &time to time
Culture diversity or realitivity

ex-nude beaches in mexico..not in US
Relationalism
Not making judgment towards other cultures
Ethnocentrism
Judging other cultures based on out own
Subcultures
Groups that share most same values but have unique beliefs

ex- muslums, gangs
Subculture examples
-Amish

-Punk Rock
Counter cultures
Dominate culture

ex- Nazi parties, hate groups, westburrow baptist church
Material culture
Books, computers, guns
Nonmaterial culture
Influence peoples behavior

ex- language, beliefs, values
Cultural universals
Happen everywhere

-Appearance(hair styles)
-Activities(sports)
-Social intuitions(family, religion, law)
-Customary practices(Cooking, caregiving)
Sapir-whorf hypothesis
Proposition that language shapes the view of reality
Formal norms
Laws
Sanctions
Rewards for appropriate or punishments for inapropriate behavior
Folkways
Informal norms
Mores
Strongly held norms; if violated serious consequences
-loss of employment
Taboos
Strong mores
Violations to this could = death penalty
Cultural lag
Gap between technology and society
Subculture
Share attribution and beliefs
Ethnic subcultures
Unique shared behaviors linked to common racial languages
Cultural Relativism
Beliefs and views from any culture must be analyzed and reviewed by own culture

-India(worship cows)
Culture capital theory
High culture used to exclude the subordinate classes
3 forms of popular culture
1. Fads: Follow activity
-active fads: Peircing, free hugs)
-personality fads: Lady gaga

2. Fashion: more widespread then fad

3.Cultural imperialism: the extensive infusion of one nations culture to another

Ex- widespread english culture ino non english speaking countries