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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Ascribed vs Achieved Status
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Ascribed- born into, given statusAchieved-worked for
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Open stratification system
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people have achieved statuses, high degree of social mobility, meritocratic(equal opportunities), most qualified will get job. I.e. Canada (supposedly)
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Closed Stratification system
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ascribed, no social mobility, not meritocratic
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Marx social change theory
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Proletariat exploited by Bourgeoisie, no common class interests, develop class consciousness of exploitation, come together and revolt, ends capitalism and social inequality, middle class dissapears.
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Bourgeoisie
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Upper class, owns means of production
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Prolitaraiat
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Majority, working class, sells labor for wage
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Petite-Bourgeoisie
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Middle class
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Max Webar social change theory
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economic inequality important, status and political influence more important. Middle class will grow and become more diverse. No revolution, no class consciousness, capitalism does not fall. Socioeconomic class- class, education, occupation. Life chances
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Socioeconomic class(Webar)
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Class, education and occupation
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Life chances(Webar)
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higher you are on economic hierarchy, more life chances you get from class.
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E.O. Wright theory
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middle class complex, many levels. Contradictory class location
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Contradictory class location (Wright)
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divided loyalties within middle class, feel loyal to those above and below, caught in middle, prevents people from rebelling
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Gender
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who you become
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sex
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biologically male or female
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The double day
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women who work in labour force and then come home to private work
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What % of work do women do?
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women- 60% household work and 70% of the childcare work
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Sandwich generation
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Women care for children and aging parents
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Implications for sandwich generation (6)
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1)Late/absent from work
2)has to leave work 3) physical health 4) misses work 5)misses social activities 6) no promotion |
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How much do women make compared to men ($)
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71c for every 1$
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3 reasons why working women aren't all unmarried today
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1) increase in service sector jobs by women
2) decrease in # of children families have 3) Increased financial pressure requires 2 incomes |
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Sex typing
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When you believe a certain job is best performed by a certain sex
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Glass ceiling
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barrier that prevents women/visible minorities from penetrating the top rung of ladder
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Non standard work
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part time, temporary, no benefits, no pension, no job security
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What percentage of women and men perform non standard work?
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40% of employed women and 27% men
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Lowest job candidates
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aboriginal and visible minority women
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2 types of employment assistance
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1) employment equity- helps ensure equal opportunities for jobs
2)Pay equity- helps ensure pay is equal |
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T parsons
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families maintain socialization and state, roles of mother and father are complimentary, not equal though
boys are raised to be copetent, rational and confident-instrumental traits girls are raised to be sensitive, emotionally expressive, prepared for nurturing- expressive traits |
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3 types of families
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1) Foraging families- hunting/gathering, communal, everything shared
2) Agricultural family- pre-industrial 3) Industrial family |
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3 Reasons why people think crime is increasing
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1) Media sensationalizes stories
2) People's fears about crime increases with age 3) Politicians use stories and data to get votes |
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Moral Panic
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extreme reaction to deviance and crime. Makes people act in alarming ways, paranoid
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Moral crusade
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work of people to make behavior as deviant i.e. MADD raised drunk driving as deviant
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2 groups notice deviant behaviors
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law makers, rule enforcers
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What percentage of crime is discovered by police on their own patrols?
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10%
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Dark fiqure of crime
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number of criminal incidents that are unknown to police
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4 correlations of crime
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1) Age- teens/early 20s
2) Gender- young males 3) class- Lower class 4)Race/ethnicity- aboriginal/visible minorities |
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Homicide rates in Canada (2010)
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554 total, 1.6 per 100 000
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Female crime increasing how?
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Prostitution
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3 largest areas of internet crime
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1)Identity theft
2) Cyber-stalkin 3) Sale/distribution of Pornography |
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#1 to control crime
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Prisons
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First Canadian prison
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Kingston Ontario 1835
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What do prisons do? (2)
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1) Incapacitate
2) Punish
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3 reasons why prisons fail
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1) Too few resources to rehabilitate
2) Harsh climate makes prisoners develop subculture against authority 3) Criminals in prison learn more criminal skills |
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Labeling theory
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Labeling someone as deviant causes person to become deviant
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Maximum security society
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rely less on people and more on technology
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Master status
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Status that you have that overshadows all other statuses
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Strain Theory
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Societies have higher crime rates than other because of their cultural values, Larger structures don't allow those to get certain values. Contradiction between what you want and legitimate way to achieve, leads to strain.
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Learning theory
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Differential association- people exposed to deviant behavior learn deviance. elite show ow bending rules is okay.
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Neutralization
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Making crime rational- " it was victim-less"
"everyone's doing it" |
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Control Theory
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Absence of control leads to deviance, family/schools make strong social bonds that control this deviance. Weak attachments- deviance
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Opportunity Theory
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Crime happens because it's rewarding, we all commit if it's there.
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Goffman's approach
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Front stage -polished, rehearsed practices image of yourself to foster to others
Back stage- Hidden facts, audience not supposed to see |
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Tacit Collusion
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When member of audience sees something from back stage , pretend they saw nothing. Saves person's front stage performance. The more status someone has the more likely people will engage in tacit collusion.
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