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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
fact
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any event in space and time
any non-random sequence of events any attribte, quality or property of a thing any relation between a thing and another thing any condition |
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scientific fact
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one or more events, processes, realtions or conditions that are consistent with a scientific law, explanation or empirical generalization
determined by proper scientific procedure |
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explanation
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a casual account of how a given event came about or comes about reccurently under specifiable conditions
a statement of causal relations between 2 or more events or facts |
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scientific theory
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related statements that explain a pattern or sequence of facts
theories strive for abstraction, generalizability and conditionality |
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realist theory
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a troup of related statements that explain facts by hypothesizing the existence of hidden structres or processes (which produce facts worthy of explanation)
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positivist theory
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its indifferent to hidden structures and mechanism; any variables will do
it's concerned with prediction |
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critical theory
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rejects "the separation of fact and value
it studies the world dispassionately very critical/definitive but is very black and white (no grey area) |
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interpretive theory
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rejects explanation and prediction in favor of understanding the symbolic meaning that people ascribe to their own and others conduct
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realism
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view that the universe is mind-independent so humans have to adjust their conceptions to the facts of the universe
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materialism
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all mental phenomena emerge from physical structures and processes
associated with atomism (the quest for smallest units of matter that in lawful combinations produce the perceptible and knowledgable world) |
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idealism
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view that our knowledge of the unoverse is ineluctably mind-dependent
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positivism
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auguste comte: only rigorous methods of scientific procedure can produce valid knowledge
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historicism
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an adequate understanding of any socio-cultural phenomenon requires us to examine it as a unique outcome of innumerable influences
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empiricism
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all valid knowledge is derived inductively from experience
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rationalism
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some general truths are knowable "a priori" by intrinsic self-evidence or intelligibility
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holism
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true architecture of reality consists of interdependent and encompassing structures or systems organized into levels
"whole is greater than the sums of its parts" |
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reductionism
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structures and systems must be analytically decomposed into their elemental, irreducible parts, which are the true building blocks of reality
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