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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why did Lenski believe that technology was the key to explaining inequality? |
Determines stratification Requires to have educated managers Rising education of the working class led to democratic political systems |
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What are the 4 goals managers hope to achieve when introducing new technology? |
Reduce cost Increase flexibility Improve quality Achieve greater control of operations |
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What are the roles of managers? |
Obtain employee compliance Prevent opposition to authority Motivate workers to work hard Make decisions |
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What are Winslow Taylor's key principals of Scientific Management? |
1)Assume workers were lazy; 2) Use time and motion studies to define the best way to do a job; 3) Separate "conception" from "execution" 4) Scientific selection of workers and equipment 5)Motivate workers with economic rewards |
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What are the three ways compliance can be achieved according to Amitai Etzioni? |
Coercive Utilitarian Normative |
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What was the major outcome from Hawthorne's Studies? |
Confirm the importance of manager's training in Human Relations skills |
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What is the difference of Maslow's theory of X and Y in regards to Human Relation Theory |
X - based on the pessimistic assumption of the average worker, whereas y, assumes that workers are highly motivated. |
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What was Tom Peter's 5 characteristics of a winner? |
1) Obsession with responsiveness to customers 2) Constant innovation 3) The full participation and empowerment of people connected to the organization 4) Leadership that loves and promotes change 5) Non-bureaucratic control |
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What are some of the characteristic of the Japanese labor market? |
Lifetime employment (nenko) Seniority-based wages and promotions Provide training Work circles Participative decision making (ringi) High employee commitment and loyalty |
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What aspects were implemented in North America from the Japanese production/management innovation? |
Just in time delivery Quality Circles Emphasis on strong organization Culture |
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What did the work reforms in Sweden focus on? |
Emphasis on humanization of Work Reduce the bureaucratic hierarchies Skill development and satisfying work Robots doing the boring work |
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What is QWL |
Quality of working life |
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What was the goal of the QWL in North America? |
Improve employee satisfaction, motivation, and commitment. |
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What are the concept and approaches defined for better QWL |
Job enlargement: Expands a job horizontally; additional task Job enrichment: adding additional tasks from other parts of production process Job Rotation Autonomous work teams Quality Circles Flatter Organization Pay for Skill |
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What are the drawback of QWL |
Changes are minimal Management imposes programs without real opportunity to influence More injuries Declining work performance Undermining union bargaining power |
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What does TQM stand for? |
Total quality management |
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What is the goal of TQM? |
Similar to QWL techniques but focus on satisfying customers, and continuous improvement |
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Organizational Culture puts emphasis on_____ |
Share Values, Beliefs, Language, Customs, Rituals, myths. (Also known as the social glue) |
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According to Peter Senge, what are the 5 learning principles? |
Expand personal abilities to enable others Enable others to expand their abilities Break out of the old way of thinking Team Learning Holistic Approach and thinking |
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What are the principals of Lean Production? |
1 )Advance production 2) Self-managed work teams 3) Worker-initiated continuous improvement and innovation 4) Flexible production 5) Zero downtime, zero defects 6) Just in time delivery 7) Bonuses based on performance |
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What are some disadvantages with Lean Production? |
More stress and injuries, Faster workplace, Multi-tasking over Multi-skilling |
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What are some of the reasons Alienation occurs? |
Employees do not control the product they produce Don't control any of the work is done |
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Braverman attributes labour process increasingly standardized due to increasingly complex management strategies design to ______ |
Increase efficiency |
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What are the modes of Managerial Control according to Richard Edwards? |
Simple Control: Coercive Technical Control: Machine Pacing Bureaucratic Control: Good salaries and benefits |
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What in regards to labor control can be concluded from Gordon, Edwards, and Reich views? |
Employees have no agency (power) |
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Andrew Friedman believed employees ought to have control through __________ |
Shifting from frontier of Control |
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What are the three theories of Triarchy Theory to describe organizations? |
Hierarchy: Top to bottom Heterarchy: Horizontal position Responsibility autonomy: Responsible for deciding but also for the consequences |
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What is a tactile skill? |
Skilled obtained through experience |
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Define Technology, economic and social Determinism? |
Technology: Patterns and effect of technology are universal Economic: Markets knows best how to choose new technologies Social: Need education, wide-ranging discussion and open decision making about how technologies will be used |
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What is the Monopoly face? |
Power to raise member's wages at the expense of employers and of non-unionized workers |
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Collective work face? |
Role of democratizing authoritarian workplace speaking as one |
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(Short Answer) What are the different Labour Movements in Canada? |
Craft Union: Skilled crafts six-week strike in 1919, more than 6000 joined later. Demanded Right to collectively bargain, living wage, eight-hour day. Industrial Union: Organized workers of the same industry (mainly of primary industry sector) Canadian Labour Congress, Overseas economic/political interest of affiliated unions Public Sector: Formerly known as associations. focused on professional standards and education. Did not barging for working conditions. Many female dominant occupations. |
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What is a the free-ride problem? |
All potential members have access to the organization's achievement ... Whether or not they have assisted in achieving these objectives |
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What do you need to go on strike? |
Shared identity Organic leader Oppressing/unfair employer |
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Two types of Labour Action are? |
Strike: Workers deliberately stop working Lockout: Employer refuses to let workers come to work |
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What are the six dimensions of work? |
1) Intrinsic Rewards 3) Financial Rewards 4) Relationship with Co-workers 5) Convenience 6) Resource adequacy |
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What makes a worker feel alienation? |
absence of a fulfilling work |
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What are active and passive Jobs? |
Active: High decision-making potential Passive: Low decision-making potential |
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(Short Answer) Describe the Environment Fit Model I and Model Fit model II |
1) stress result from a gap in an individual's need and ability to do the job they offer. (e.g nurse) 2) Balance between personal life and work life (feel guilty of going to work when kids are sick) |
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What are Martin's Meissner's Long arm hypothesis? |
Compensatory Leisure Spillover |
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What are the Mandates of how industry shapes Media? |
Commercial Mandate - Money Non-commercial Mandate - Social good Government Control Mandate - Tight government control over content |
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