Soc 224 Midterm 1

Front 1

Anomie theory

Back 1

Durkham - deviance enforces moral boundaries but too much change too quickly results in dysfunctional levels of deviance.
Deviance reduces societal tension (scapegoats, letting of steam)

Front 2

Letting off steam

Back 2

Returns deviants to acceptable roles
-socialization (realized rule returns to norm)
-profit (people who follow profit)
-coercion (through punishment)
-persuasion ( advertising, religious talks etc)

Front 3

Anomie & strain theory

Back 3

Deviance comes from individuals and structure of society through inability for some people to meet institutionalized goals and legitimate means

Front 4

Anomie

Back 4

Imbalance between goals and means; lack of usual social or ethical standards

Front 5

Normative social order

Back 5

Not everyone equal access to legitimate opportunities

Front 6

Strain

Back 6

Blocked opportunities in some parts of society between goals and means

Front 7

5 ways to adapt to strain

Back 7

-conformity: accepts both means and goals
-innovation: accepts goals but not means
-ritualism: gives up on goals but continues with means
-retreatism: reject both (drug and alcohol abuse)
-rebellion: substitute goals and means with new ones (Louis riel, Nelson Mandela)

Front 8

Empirical research

Back 8

Studied innovation and retreatism

Front 9

Differential opportunity theory

Back 9

Cloward & ohlin: society structure results in different access to legitimate means. Some people more likely to be deviant if exposed to lots of deviance growing up

Front 10

General strain theory

Back 10

Agnew: deviance emerges only when couples with negative effect not only strain.
Strain produced: unable to achieve goals, positive stimuli taken away, negative stimuli added

Hint 10

How is strain produced

Front 11

Negative effects

Back 11

Anger, depression and anxiety if perceived as unjust, severe or individual lacks control over situation (bullying)

Front 12

Status frustration theory

Back 12

Cohen: middle class classroom. Inequalities in classroom reproduced from society resulting in delinquent classes of lower class boys

Front 13

Middle class measuring rod

Back 13

Lower class boys have to live up to it, schools emphasis delayed gratification, politeness and value of hardwork which may not fit their life

Front 14

Status frustration

Back 14

Unable to succeed according to classroom similar to strain

Front 15

Mutual conversion

Back 15

Join together with similar lower class boys with same experience

Front 16

Reaction formation

Back 16

Develop different standards which they can succeeds
Delayed gratification --> hedonistic

Front 17

Learning theories

Back 17

Explain deviant behavior as a result f learning process

Front 18

Differential association theory

Back 18

Sutherland: different behaviors learned and developed due to differential association. Deviance learned same way as conformity

Front 19

Interaction factors causing largest impact on a person

Back 19

Frequency: more interactions = more influence
Duration: longer duration = more influence
Priority: smaller groups earlier in life = greater influence
Intensity = more important = more influence

Front 20

Neutralization theory

Back 20

Skye's & matza: agree with Sutherland but also motives leaned. Learned rationalization of deviant behavior

Front 21

Neutralization theory

Back 21

Skye's & matza: agree with Sutherland but also motives leaned. Learned rationalization of deviant behavior

Front 22

Techniques of neutralization

Back 22

1. Denial of responsibility: shifts blame elsewhere
2. Denial of injury: not hurting anyone
3. Denial d victim: victim deserving of fate
4. Condemnation: shifts focus to someone else's deviant behavior
5. Appeal to higher loyalties: series higher purpose, acknowledges violated norms but for more important ones

Front 23

Neutralization theory

Back 23

Skye's & matza: agree with Sutherland but also motives leaned. Learned rationalization of deviant behavior

Front 24

Techniques of neutralization

Back 24

1. Denial of responsibility: shifts blame elsewhere
2. Denial of injury: not hurting anyone
3. Denial d victim: victim deserving of fate
4. Condemnation: shifts focus to someone else's deviant behavior
5. Appeal to higher loyalties: series higher purpose, acknowledges violated norms but for more important ones

Front 25

Social learning theory

Back 25

Highlights learning in behaviors in general; behaviors influenced by observed people and our own experiences

Front 26

Neutralization theory

Back 26

Skye's & matza: agree with Sutherland but also motives leaned. Learned rationalization of deviant behavior

Front 27

Techniques of neutralization

Back 27

1. Denial of responsibility: shifts blame elsewhere
2. Denial of injury: not hurting anyone
3. Denial d victim: victim deserving of fate
4. Condemnation: shifts focus to someone else's deviant behavior
5. Appeal to higher loyalties: series higher purpose, acknowledges violated norms but for more important ones

Front 28

Social learning theory

Back 28

Highlights learning in behaviors in general; behaviors influenced by observed people and our own experiences

Front 29

Akers

Back 29

Dimensions of social structure create different contexts which wanting occurs for different people

Front 30

Neutralization theory

Back 30

Skye's & matza: agree with Sutherland but also motives leaned. Learned rationalization of deviant behavior

Front 31

Techniques of neutralization

Back 31

1. Denial of responsibility: shifts blame elsewhere
2. Denial of injury: not hurting anyone
3. Denial d victim: victim deserving of fate
4. Condemnation: shifts focus to someone else's deviant behavior
5. Appeal to higher loyalties: series higher purpose, acknowledges violated norms but for more important ones

Front 32

Social learning theory

Back 32

Highlights learning in behaviors in general; behaviors influenced by observed people and our own experiences

Front 33

Akers

Back 33

Dimensions of social structure create different contexts which wanting occurs for different people

Front 34

Dimensions of social structures

Back 34

1. Differential social organization: demographic characteristics
2. Differential location in social stricter: ethnicity, gender, eduction
3. Theoretical definitions: anomie, conflict, social disorganization
4. Differential social location: individuals membership to different groups

Front 35

Social control theories

Back 35

Tries to explain why all people don't become deviant if inherently attractive (only through higher levels of social control that we don't become deviant)

Front 36

Social control theories

Back 36

Tries to explain why all people don't become deviant if inherently attractive (only through higher levels of social control that we don't become deviant)

Front 37

4 types of social bonds

Back 37

1. Attachment: greater emotional attachment to others more bound to conformity (doesn't matter who) 2. Commitment to conformity 3. Involvement in conventional activities 4. Belief - in norms, values and assumptions.

Front 38

Self control theory

Back 38

Hirischi & gottfredson: self control central to explain why some people predispositions to be deviant.

Front 39

Self control theory

Back 39

Hirischi & gottfredson: self control central to explain why some people predispositions to be deviant.

Front 40

Low self control

Back 40

Impulsivity, simple tasks, risk seeking, physical tasks, quick temper, self centered (more likely to engage in deviant behaviors)

Front 41

Functionalist theories

Back 41

1.Anomie theory (Durkham)
2.Anomie and strain theory (Merton)
3.Differential opportunity theory (cloward and ohlin)
4.General strain theory (Agnew)
5.Status frustration theory (Cohen)

Front 42

Functionalist theories

Back 42

1.Anomie theory (Durkham)
2.Anomie and strain theory (Merton)
3.Differential opportunity theory (cloward and ohlin)
4.General strain theory (Agnew)
5.Status frustration theory (Cohen)

Front 43

Learning theories

Back 43

1. Differential association theory (Sutherland)
2. Neutralization theory (Skye's and matza)
3. Social learning theory (Akers?)

Front 44

Social control theories

Back 44

1. Social bonds theory (hirischi)
2. Self control theory (hirischi and gottfredson)