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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a paradigm? |
A school of thought that guides research, made up of a series of theories |
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What are the questions structural functionalism asks? |
How do they work? How are they organized? How do our social structures function? |
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Who is Robert Merton? |
Sociologist who identified the 3 functions in structural functionalism |
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Define manifest function |
Consciously intended and largely recognized |
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Define latent function |
Largely unintended and unrecognizable |
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Define latent dysfunction |
Unintended and produces socially negative consequences |
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What is the conflict approach? |
Concerned with social power relationships, inequality is fueled by conflict |
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What questions does conflict approach ask? |
Are there social groups that benefit more than others due to social structures? |
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What is the Marxist Theory of Historical Materialism composed of? |
The superstructure and the infrastructure |
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What is the infrastructure in the Marxist Theory? |
The economic structure of the society, today's is a post industrial capitalist society, consumer driven |
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What is the superstructure in the Marxist Theory? |
Institutions that organize our society, shaped by education and shapes how we think |
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What is an ideology? |
Dominant beliefs and values around which society is organized |
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What's the key function of an ideology? |
To make an existing society (mode of production) appear as though it is normal, natural, fair and equitable; serves to legitimize and naturalize dominant relations in power |
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Types of ideological forms |
Politics, pop culture texts, every day practices and rituals |
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What is false consciousness, and an example of it? |
Focusing on the individual rather than society as a whole on situations and naturalizing it; ex: poverty and how it is someone's fault as opposed to inequality |
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Actual causes of poverty |
Restructured labour market, gender inequality, increase in low paying/part time jobs, corporate welfare, insufficient benefits (child care etc) |
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What does symbolic interactionism deal with? |
How individuals interact with shape society and exchange symbols and meanings with one another |
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What does symbolic interactionism examine? |
Face to face communication, subjective meanings in social interactions and different roles (ie a girl can be a mother, daughter, sister etc) |
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Who defined that "if a situation is real it is real in its consequences?" |
WI Thomas |
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What is the reality effect? |
When different factors that seem realistic make it seem real (ie twerking video) |
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What is it called when our self image is based on what we believe others see us? |
Looking Glass Self
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Name the three components of the Looking Glass Self |
How you imagine you appear to others How you imagine others judge your appearance How you feel as a result |
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What is a dramaturgical approach to symbolic interactionism, how does it work? |
Impression management, we act depending on social scripts |
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What does cultural studies bridge the gap between? |
Conflict Approach and Symbolic Interactionism as well as empirical reality (objective) and lived experience (subjective) |
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What is hegemony? |
Dominants groups retain power in society, pop culture is a battleground for hegemony |
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What did Gustave Le Bon theorize? |
Crowds were driven by irrational forces |
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What supplies illusions in Gustave's theory? |
Mass media |
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How does Nicholas Garnham define culture industries? |
Institution in our society that produce symbols in form of cultural goods and services as commodities |
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What is a commodity? |
Objects and commodities made for consumption other than its producers |
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Define standardization in Horkheimer and Adorno's Culture Industry thesis |
Widespread similarity between cultural products, dictates the kinds of cultural products that will be manufactured as well inscribes consumer with apathy and disengaged reception
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What necessitates standardization? |
Commodification, the rendering of any idea/object/etc into something that could be sold
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Define pseudo-individualization in Culture Industry thesis |
Mode of production where similar cultural products are superficially varied to enable a consumer to seem individual with the freedom to choose |
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What's the last point of the Culture Industry thesis? |
Incorporation and commodification of resistance?
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What does resistance and subcultures do to culture industries! |
Reduce the need for a sense of "newness"
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What is John Fiske's Popular Culture thesis? |
People interpret culture industry differently according to their own experiences and needs |
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What is agency? |
The ability to act as a self conscious, willful and social being and to influence what happens in one's life |
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Agency in culture industry vs popular culture |
Culture industry assumes you have no agency, popular culture emphasizes agency |
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How do we have agency (ie what questions do we ask?) |
What has been imagined for me? What am I capable of imagining? What can I do with what has been imagined for me? |
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What is the materialist/economic function of sports? |
Big role in capitalist society post-industrialism |
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How do professional sport leagues benefit from the symbiotic relationship with media? |
Revenue and exposure |
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How do corporate media benefit from the symbiotic relationship with media? |
Content from generated ad revenue, ownership of sport franchises, penetrating media markets, cable packages to consumers |
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How did advertisers come to see sports as important?
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Demographic variable came to be valuable to advertisers |
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What is audience commodity? |
The audience itself is sold to mass media |
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What are some technological advancements in advertising? |
Apps, data analytics, push notifications |
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What are the ideological functions of sport? |
Maintaining social relations in capitalist infrastructure, relationship between sport and dominant beliefs, ritual/escapism |
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What does sport provide? |
Escape from conditions of ordinary life as well as socialization into the structure |
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What is the frontier mythology of baseball? |
Represents the pastorol pre-industrialized American dream of America as paradise on earth founded by manifest destiny |
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How is the frontier mythology represented? |
Infield is civilization and outfield is the wilderness, batter is rewarded for hitting the ball out of homefield and conquering new lands |
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What is globalization? |
The spread of a country's ideals and influence to whatever country they come in contact with through political and economic means |
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What does globalization have to do with sports? |
Developing countries lose traditions due to Western contact and their sports |
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How does hegemony come into play with sports? |
Hegemony is often negotiated |
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What is the ideology on consumerism? |
Organization of life around commodities, complex set of dominant values and practices |
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What was invented in the industrial revolution? |
Assembly lines |
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How did overproduction change advertising? |
Massive overproduction forced advertisers to seek and create demand for goods |
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How did the department store change consumerism? |
Made shopping a fun experience rather than a practical errand, people were encouraged to browse |
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What did debt and credit do in the 1920s? |
Normalize debt and encourage credit, pushed for home owners |
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What is attached to the advertising of commodities? |
Pleasure, happiness and social wellbeing |
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What part of the mind does advertising play on? |
The ID, playing off fear and desires |
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What did Edward Bernays theorize? |
Advertising with sex appeal in it makes it more appealing |
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What does Robert Barthes say about sign systems? |
Work to reproduce and legitimize social relationships, as well as justify dominant relationships in historical moments |
