Soc 100 Exam 1

Front 1

Breaking and Entering Vs. Fraud

Back 1

Fraud almost certainly cost society more than breaking and entering does. Prison sentences are nearly twice as likely to happen in breaking and entering than in Frauds.

Front 2

Criminal Profiles: How do sociologists explain the disproportionally high arrest, conviction, and incarceration rates of african americans?

Back 2

1. Bias in the way crime statistics are collected, 2. disproportionate number of African Americans within low economic class strata, and 3. racial discrimination in the criminal justice system

Front 3

Social Stratification

Back 3

The way society is organized in layers or strata
(Wealth is what you own; income is what you earn in a given period)

Front 4

Is stratification inevitable?
(Conflict and Functionalist theorists)

Back 4

CT: class and class consciousness (is not)
FT: Functionalists Theory of Stratification

Front 5

Marx

Back 5

Social stratification and class conflict are not inevitable in marx's view.

Front 6

Capitalist Growth (marx)

Back 6

will produce a society without class conflict (Bourgeoisie "boss" and proletariat "working")

Front 7

Class (Marx)

Back 7

determined by one's relationship to the means of production

Front 8

Structural Functionalist Theory of Stratification

Back 8

asserts the inevitability of social stratification; some jobs are more important than others (judge vs. janitor)

Front 9

Why is social stratification necessary?

Back 9

the prospect of high rewards motivates people to undergo the sacrifices needed to obtain a higher education

Front 10

What are the limits of Structural functionalist theory of stratification?

Back 10

ignore the pool of talent lying undiscovered because of inequality
fails to examine how advantages are passed from generation to generation
all jobs are important

Front 11

Conflict Theory

Back 11

patterns of inequality produce social change

Front 12

Feminist theory

Back 12

focuses on various aspects of patriarchy or the system of male domination in society

Front 13

Position in Society

Back 13

more than the unfolding of person's innate characteristics and the development of cognitive and moral skills is also shaped by the structure of ones society and ones position in it (agents of socialization)

Front 14

Structural Functionalists Theorists

Back 14

Robert Merton (proproposed that social structures may have different consequences for different groups)
Social structures may be disruptive or dysfunctional
Some functions are manifest and others are latent

Front 15

Sociology

Back 15

the systematic study of human behavior is social contexts (challenges assumptions and broadens horizons)

Front 16

Social Structures

Back 16

stable patters of social relations (micro, meso, macro, global)

Front 17

Sociological Imagination

Back 17

the ability to see the connection between personal troubles and social issues (or social structures)

Front 18

Structural Functionalism

Back 18

human behavior is governed by social structures (macro)

Émile Durkheim , Talcott Parsons, Robert Merton

Front 19

Conflict Theory

Back 19

Patterns of inequality produce social change (macro)

Karl Marx, W.E.B DuBois, C. Wright Mills

Front 20

Symbolic Interactionism

Back 20

Explanations of social behavior require understanding subjective meanings. (micro)

Max Weber, George Herbert Mead, Charles Horton Cooley, Erving Goffman

Front 21

Feminist Theory

Back 21

Focuses on various aspects of patriarchy or the system of male domination in society. (micro/ macro)

Harriet Martineau, Jane Addams

Front 22

Socialization

Back 22

the process by which people learn their culture

Front 23

Role

Back 23

the behavior expected of a person occupying a particular position in society

Front 24

Theories of Childhood Socialization

Back 24

Sigmund Freud: Id, Superego, Ego
Charles Horton Cooley: Looking-glass self
George Herbert Mead: Role of Taking (Four stages of Development of the Self)

Front 25

Agents of Socialization

Back 25

Families (primary) Schools, Peer Groups, and the Mass Media (secondary)

Front 26

Thomas Theorem

Back 26

"Situations we define as real become real in their consequences."
(race, hierarchy, genetic differences)

Front 27

Total Institution

Back 27

Stripping someones identity by imprisonment

Front 28

Dramaturgical Analysis Role-Playing

Back 28

we are constantly engaged in role-playing and change depending on the situation
"front stage" in public environments; "backstage" our "true" selves

Front 29

Deviance

Back 29

relative actions that are not part of a norm resulting in sanctions from others

Front 30

Crime

Back 30

relative deviant actions that go against laws and results in punishment

Front 31

Sanctions

Back 31

actions indicating disapproval of deviance (informal/formal punishments)

Front 32

Informal Punishment

Back 32

Stigmatization is the negative evaluation of a group of people because of a marker that distinguishes them from others

Front 33

Formal Punishment

Back 33

judicial systems penalizes someone for breaking the law (jail, ticket, etc)

Front 34

Moral Panic

Back 34

growing fears that a deviance will constitute a serious threat to society's well-being

Front 35

What are the two types of crimes?

Back 35

white-collar crimes and street crimes

Front 36

White-collar crimes

Back 36

Embezzlement, false advertising, tax evasion, insider stock trading

Front 37

Street Crimes

Back 37

Arson, burglary, robbery, assault