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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Contrast vs non-contrast CT |
contrast: AV malformation primary or met tumor non-contrast: r/o hemorrhage trauma or acute neurological change |
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Subdural vs epidural hemorrhage CT |
subdural --> convex & compresses ventricles & chronic epidural --> concave & middle menigeal artery & acute |
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Reasons for abd pelvic CT |
evaluate retroperitoneal structures pancreatitis or pancreatic mass mets from colon, prostate, testicular, or renal cancer best to dx appendicitis & diverticulitis |
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Reasons for high-resolution CT of chest |
evaluates parenchymal lung dz interstitial fibrosis bony structures aortic dissection with angiography --> PE |
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Contrast |
avoid in pts with renal dz (Cr >1.5) avoid in MM d/c metformin 48 hrs before scan MRI contrast can lead to nephrogenic systemic fibrosis contrast-induced nephropathy occurs after 12 hrs (aminoglycoside-induced is 4-5 days after) |
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MRI indications |
demyelinating disease MS dementia best test for post fossa, base of the skull, & orbit acoustic neuromas pit tumors small intraparenchymal brain tumors bone tumors & infections (eg osteomyelitis) aseptic necrosis of femoral head spinal cord & discs spinal tumors |
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HIDA (hepatobiliary) scan indications |
biliary obstruction vs acute cholecystitis congenital abnormalities of biliary tract (eg atresia) NOT TEST FOR STONE |
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Bone scan indications |
met bone lesions osteomyelitis avascular necrosis of the femoral head |
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Adrenal scan |
localize pheo when MRI/CT is non-diagnostic |
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Ultrasound indications |
gallstones visualize uterus, adnexa, & ovaries prostate to guide bx |
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Cholecystitis ultrasound findings |
1) gallstones (hyperechoic white mass causing shadows) 2) pericholecystic fluid 3) thickened gall bladder wall |
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2 causes of double bubble sign |
1) duodenal atresia 2) annular pancreas |
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Lytic bone lesions |
MM primary bone tumor
mets (lung, renal, thyroid, or breast) |
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Blastic bone lesions |
mets (prostate, lymphoma, breast) Paget's disease of bone medulloblastoma in peds |
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Ring enhancing lesions in brain |
toxo met tumors demyelinating dz pyogenic abscess primary CNS lymphoma Tb |
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Hypertensive brain damage |
hemorrhage into either: basal ganglia cerebellum pons |
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Hemorrhage into cerebral hemispheres |
AV malformation aneurysm trauma met lesions vasculitis cocaine coag abnormalities |
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Calcification patterns |
Benign: popcorn laminated or concentric central diffuse homogenous Malignant: eccentric (area of asymmetric calcification) reticular or punctate |
