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48 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the components of the cardiovascular system?
Heart
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
What forms the tunica intima in the cardiovascular system?
Endothelium
Subendothelium
Internal elastic lamina
What forms the tunica media in the cardiovascular system?
Muscle
CT
Elastic fibers
External elastic lamina
What forms the tunica adventitia in the cardiovascular system?
CT
Muscle
What are capillaries?
The are endothelial tubes that make up the "business end" of the cardiovascular system
What are the three major types of capillaries?
Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal
Which tunica is this and what kind of artery does it belong to:

Endothelium with Weibel-Palade bodies, basal lamina, subendothelial layer, incomplete internal elastic lamina/
Tunica intima of an elastic artery
Which tunica is this and what kind of artery does it belong to:

40-70 fenestrated elastic membranes; smooth muscle cells interspersed between elastic membranes; thin external elastic lamina; vasa vasorum in outer half
Tunica media of an elastic artery
Which tunica is this and what kind of artery does it belong to:

Thin layer of fibroelastic connective tissue, vasa vasorum, lymphatic vessels, nerve fibers
Tunic adventitia of an elastic artery
What is the main function of an elastic artery and what is an example of one?
Conducting
Aorta
Which tunica is this and what kind of artery does it belong to:

Endothelium with Weibel-Palade bodeis, basal lamina, subendothelial layer, thick internal elastic lamina
Tunica Intima of a muscular artery
Which tunica is this and what kind of artery does it belong to:

Up to 40 layers of smooth muscle cells; thick external elastic lamina
Tunica media of a muscular artery
Which tunica is this and what kind of artery does it belong to:

Thin layer of fibroelastic connective tissue; vasa vasorum not very prominent; lymphatic vessels, nerve fibers
Tunica adventitia of a muscular artery
What is the main function of a muscular artery and what is an example of one?
Distributing
Femoral artery
Which tunica is this and what kind of artery does it belong to:

Endothelium with Weibel-Palade bodies; basal lamina, subendothelial layer not very prominent; some elastic fibers instead of a defined internal elastic lamina
Tunica intima of an arteriole
Which tunica is this and what kind of artery does it belong to:

One or two layers of smooth muscle cells
Tunica media of an arteriole
Which tunica is this and what kind of artery does it belong to:

Loose connective tissue, nerve fibers
Tunica adventitia of an arteriole
What are the three things that are required for transport across vascular endothelium?
1. Pinocytotic vesicles
2. Trans-Golgi network of vesicles
3. Transient fenestrations
Which tunica is this and what kind of vein does it belong to:
Endothelium; basal lamina, valves in some; subendothelial connective tissue
Tunica intima of large veins
Which tunica is this and what kind of vein does it belong to:

Connective tissue; smooth muscle cells
Tunica media of large veins
Which tunica is this and what kind of vein does it belong to:

Smooth muscle cells oriented in longitudinal bundles; cardiac muscle cells near their entry into the heart; collagen layers with fibroblasts
Tunica adventitia of large veins
Which tunica is this and what kind of vein does it belong to:

Endothelium, basal lavmina; valves in some, subendothelial connective tissue
Tunica intima of medium and small veins
Which tunica is this and what kind of vein does it belong to:

Reticular and elastic fibers, some smooth muscle cells
Tunica media of medium and small veins
Which tunica is this and what kind of vein does it belong to:

Collagen layers with fibroblasts
Tunica adventitia of medium and small veins
Which tunica is this and what kind of vein does it belong to:

Endothelium, basal lamina (pericytes, postcapillary venules)
Tunica intima of venules
Which tunica is this and what kind of vein does it belong to:

Sparse connective tissue and a few smooth muscle cells
Tunica media of venules
Which tunica is this and what kind of vein does it belong to:

Some collagen and a few fibroblasts
Tunica adventitia of venules
What are lymphatic capillaries composed of?
A single layer of attenuated endothelial cells with an incomplete basal lamina
Do the endothelial cells of lymphatic capillaries overlap each other?
Yes
Through what structures do the endothelial cells of lymphatic capillaries permit easy access to the lumen of the vessel?
Intercellular clefts
T/F Endothelial cells of lymphatic capillaries have fenestrae and make tight junctions with each other.
False

Endothelial cells of lymphatic capillaries do not have fenestrae and do not make tight junctions with each other.
How wide are the bundles of lymphatic anchoring filaments and what do they do?
5-10 nm in diameter

It is thought that thee filaments may play a role in maintaining the luminal patency of these flimsy vessels.
Where do the bundles of lymphatic anchoring filaments terminate?
On the abluminal plasma membrane
What is the sinoatrial (SA) node?
Pacemaker of the heart
70 beats/min
Where is the atrioventricular node located?
In the septal wall just above the tricuspid valve
What is the pathway of the cardiac conduction system?
SA Node --> Internodal pathways --> AV Node --> Myocardium of the atria via AV bundle (bundle of His) --> Interventricular septum --> cardiac muscle --> rhythmic contraction
What does the atrioventricular bundle travel in?
Subendocardium (Purkinje cells)
What modulates the heart rate and stroke volume of the heartbeat?
Autonomic Nervous System
What does stimulation of the sympathetic nerves result in?
Acceleration of the heart rate
What does stimulation of the parasympathetic nerves result in?
Slowing of the heart rate
What is the conduction velocity of the impulse from the SA node through the right atrium along ordinary atrial myocardial fibers?
1m/sec
What pathway conducts the impulse from the SA node directly to the left atrium?
Anterior interatrial myocardial band or
Bachmann's bundle
Why is the action potential duration in atrial myocytes shorter than that in ventricular myocytes?
The efflux of K+ is greater during the plateau in atrial myocytes than in ventricular myocytes
What are the dimensions of the AV node, where is it located and what cells can be found there?
Dimensions: 22 mm long, 10 mm wide, and 3 mm thick

Location: Situated posteirorly on the right side of the interatrial septum near the ostium of the coronary sinus

Cells found: Same two cell types as in the SA node but the round cells in the AV node are less abundant and the elongated cells predominate
What are the three functional regions of the AV node?
1. The AN region
2. The N region
3. The NH region
What is the AN region of the AV node?
The transitional zone between the atrium and the remainder of the node
What is the N region of the AV node?
The midportion of the AV node
What is the NH region of the AV node?
The zone in which nodal fibers gradually merge with the bundle of His, which is the upper portion of the specialized conducting system for the ventricles.

Normally, the AV node and bundle of His are the only pathways along which the cardiac impulse travels from the atria to ventricles.