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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Non-propostional speech
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typically preserved in Global aphasia, automatic speech ("How are you?")
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temporal lobe
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receptive language, memory function
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hypokinetic dysarthria
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hoarseness, low volume, increased speech rate, associated with Parkinson disease
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spastic dysarthria
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damage to pyramidal tract, strained vocal quality, difficulty with fine motor movements, UMN
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hyperkinetic dysarthria
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associated with Huntington, lesions of the basal ganglia, strained vocal quality, involuntary movements
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ataxic dysarthria
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damage to cerebellum, harsh vocal quality, monostress, slurred speech
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Flaccid dysarthria
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damage to LMN (cranial nerves), monopitch/monoloudness, atrophy/paresis,
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structuralist theory
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children are born with the ability to acquire language, skills are acquired in an universal order
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interactionist theory
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children develop language through trial and error |
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natural theory
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children develop language through sound imitation, because of immature motor abilities sounds are simplified
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prosodic theory
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children attempt to produce units/chunks of meaningful speech rather than individual phonemes
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1st grammatical morpheme to be used expressively
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-ing
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VPI (velopharyngeal insufficiency)
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speech characteristics can include glottal stops, pharyngeal stops, pharyngeal fricatives, backing
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papillomatosis
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breathy vocal quality, lesions many grow back
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accessory muscles
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assist diaphragm and external intercostals when extra power is needed -elevate ribs->add volume to thorax and lungs |
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story grammar analysis
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1) setting 2) initiating event 3) reaction 4) attempt 5) consequence reaction |
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levator palatini
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one of three players in elevation of soft palate
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bilateral vocal nodules
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result in gaps during vocal fold closure, lowered subglottal pressure, softer voice, harder to reach higher pitches |
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f0
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fundamental frequency=number of cycles per second
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gray matter
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soma cell bodies, contain neuronal bodies
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white matter
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myelin sheath
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coalescence
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2 adajacent sounds replaced by a 3rd sound ('swim'->'fim')
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epenthesis
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insertion of a sound (typically a schwa) |
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metathesis
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switching of 2 sounds or syllables within a word
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ischemic stroke
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blood blocked within an artery to the brain
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thrombosis
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collection of blood materials blocking flow of blood |
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embolism
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collection of blood materials or portions of tumor that travel and block the flow of blood in a smaller portion of artery
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hemorrhagic
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eruption of an artery resulting in blood spillage into the brain
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extrecerebral |
within the meninges
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nonfluent aphasias
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Broca's, transcortical motor, mixed transcortical motor, global
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Fluent Aphasias
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Wernicke's, transcortical sensory, conduction, anomic
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Type Token Ratio Test (TTR)
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variety of words a child uses expressively
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Distinctive Features Approach
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establish missing distinctive features contrasts by teaching relevant sounds
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incidence
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how many new cases of a disorder occur annually
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prevalence
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how many continuing cases of a disorder there are currently
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Cranial Nerves
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1) Olfactory 2) Optic 3) Oculomotor 4) Trochlear 5) Trigeminal 6) Abducens 7) Facial 8) Vestibulocochlear 9) Glossopharyngeal 10) Vagus 11) Spinal Accessory 12) Hypoglossal |
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Functions of Cranial Nerves
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1) Smell 2) Vision 3) Eye Movement 4) Eye Movement 5) Face (sensory) and Jaw (motor) 6) Eye Movement (lateral rectus) 7) Face (movement) and Tongue (sensory) 8) Hearing and Balance 9) Tongue (sensory), pharynx (sensory/motor) 10) Larynx, gastrointestinal, cardiac 11) Shoulder, arm movements 12) Tongue (motor) |
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Reticular Activation System (RAS)
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attention/wakefullness sleep/wake cycles |
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Pyramidal Systems
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facilitating muscle movement, corticobular and corticospinal tracts
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Corticobulbar Tract
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all voluntary movements of speech muscles
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Strident voice sound quality |
Sounds shrill, high-pitched |
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Acoustic neuroma symptoms
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tinnitus, dizziness, dysequilibrium
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ALS manifestation
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1) bulbar onset: damage initiates in corticobulbar tract, rapid negative speech effects 2) motor onset: damage initiates in spinal cord, first affects motor function |
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Medulla
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level where pyramidal tracts decussate-> contralateral functioning
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basal ganglia
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comprimised of mostly gray matter (neuronal bodies), receives input from frontal lobe and relays information via the thalamus
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lifetime expectancy of stuttering
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5% of the world's population has a probability of ever stuttering
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age range where stuttering typically develops
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3-6 years
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Three types of repetitions (fluency)
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1) Part-word 2) Word-level 3) Phrase Level |
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Dysfluency Forms
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1) Repetitions 2) Sound Prolongations 3) Silent Prolongations 4) Interjections 5) Pauses 6) Broken Words 7) Incomplete Sentences 8) Revisions |
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Interjections (fluency)
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extra element added to a word or phrase -sound/syllable interjection -word interjection -phrase interjection |
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Male-female stuttering ratios
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3:1 (early elementary) 4:1 (higher grades) |
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CN Innervation Sensory/Motor/Both
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Some Money Matters More But My Big Brother Says Big Boobs matter most
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Larynx Location
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C3-C6 (normal anatomy)
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Primary Palate
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alveolar ridge and upper lip
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Secondary Palate
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Soft Palate (posterior to incisive foramen)
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Anterior Cerebral Artery |
frontal lobe (judgment, reasoning), corpus callosum, superior surface of parietal lobe
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Middle Cerebral Artery
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temporal lobe (memory/comprehension), Broca's area, Wernicke's area, |
