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84 Cards in this Set

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Alvaro Siza
Ocean Swimming pool
Leca da Palmeira, Portugal
1966
Alvaro Siza
Ocean Swimming pool
Leca da Palmeira, Portugal
1966

Natural rocks are left to poke through the pools.


Raw concrete & timber walls.


Built below road level.


Zaha Hadid
First Prize, The Peak Competition
Hong Kong
1983

Russian pre-war


To stand apart from Hong Kong congestion & intensity.


'Man made' polished granite mountain.


Fragmentation Aesthetic.


Co-op Himmelb(l)au
Remodelling of Roof-top
Biberstrasse Offices, Vienna, Austria
1985

Derived from lightning bolt & arc shape.


Parasitic structure


Deconstructivism


Foster & Partners
Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank
Hong Kong
1986

Conceived during sensitive period - end of British rule in Hong Kong.


Prefabrication due to time constraints.


Mirrored 'sun scoop' allows light into the atrium.


Toyo Ito & Associates
Tower of Winds
Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
1986

Symbol of electronic age


Sensors pick up & interact with invisible flows of sound, air and light.


Ateliers Jean Nouvel
Institute of Arab Culture 
Paris, France
1987
Ateliers Jean Nouvel
Institute of Arab Culture
Paris, France
1987

Devoted to France & Arab relationship.


Facade of light sensitive camera shutters for shade sun & privacy.


Geometric Patterns form traditional lattice work.


Frank Gehry
Remodelling of Gehry House
Santa Monica, LA, California, USA,
1988

Symbol of deconstructivism


Original Dutch Colonial house left in-tact with new built around.


Interior spaces were peeled back to reveal joists etc.


Peter Eisenman
Wexner Centre for the Visual Arts and Fine Arts Library
Ohio State University, Ohio, USA
1989

Dominated by slightly off-kiltered grids & scaffolding.


Tension of competing grids.


Red brick turrets clash with modern scaffolding. Alludes to old armory bulldozed for the museum.


Disregard for practical construction - had to be renovated after 14 years.


Bernard Tschumi
Parc de la Villette
Paris, France
1989

Park based on culture rather than nature.


Site previously occupied by slaughterhouse.


Red enamel steel structures are spaced out on the nodes of a grid. Grid lines emphasize movement through park.


Toyo Ito & Associates
ITM Building
Matsuyama, Tokyo, Japan
1990
Toyo Ito & Associates
ITM Building
Matsuyama, Tokyo, Japan
1990

Almost completely transparent.


Three story


Steel frame


Bernard Tschumi Architects
Glass Video Gallery
Groningen, The Netherlands
1990
Bernard Tschumi Architects
Glass Video Gallery
Groningen, The Netherlands
1990

Made completely from glass. Challenging permanence. Abstract represented in electronic images.


Glass reflections create mirages, limitless space.


Questions real & virtual.


Athfield Architects with Gehry Associates & Rewi Thompson
Museum of NZ Competition Entry
Wellington, New Zealand
1990

Deconstructivist (although Gehry resisted the label)


Didn't get selected for the second stage.


Had the design won, the finished museum would more likely look like EuroDisney than the Bilbao Guggenheim.


Kazuyo Sejima & Associates
Saishunkan Seiyaku Womens’ Dormitory
Kumamoto, Japan
1991
Kazuyo Sejima & Associates
Saishunkan Seiyaku Womens’ Dormitory
Kumamoto, Japan
1991

Peter Eisenman
Nunotani Corporation Building
Edogawa-ku, Japan
1992

Deconstructivism.


Made to look unstable - tilted walls throughout building.


Captures drama of seismic conditions. Kinda insensitive.


Nunotani went bankrupt and the building has been sold over for an elderly home.


Herzog & de Meuron
Private Gallery for the Goetz Collection
Munich, Germany
1992

Playing with scale.


Part of building is buried.


Depending on the lighting & time of day, the building can appear as a wooden box resting on two trowels in the garden.


Toyo Ito & Associates
Shimosuwa Municipal Museum
Shimosuwa, Nagano, Japan
1993
Toyo Ito & Associates
Shimosuwa Municipal Museum
Shimosuwa, Nagano, Japan
1993

Curves along river bank.


Ateliers Jean Nouvel
Cartier Foundation for Contemporary Art
Paris, France
1994

Santiago Calatrava
Lyon Airport Station
Lyon, France
1994
Santiago Calatrava
Lyon Airport Station
Lyon, France
1994

Metaphor of enormous bird. Arriving through the main gateway you see the concrete v shape and the two steel glazed wings. The structure arches over the railway, connecting the airport to Lyon city.


Herzog & de Meuron
Signal Box auf dem Wolf
Basel, Switzerland
1995
Herzog & de Meuron
Signal Box auf dem Wolf
Basel, Switzerland
1995

Won Pritzker prize.


Railway utility building.


Copper strip cladding - twisted at certain points to admit daylight.


Acts as a Faraday cage (protects from electromagnetic & electrostatic influences).


The floors are unreadable from the outside, just the continuous lines of cladding are seen, so that the building relates to the adjacent track.


Shigeru Ban Architects
Paper Church
Nagata-ku, Kobe
1995
Shigeru Ban Architects
Paper Church
Nagata-ku, Kobe
1995

Founder of Voluntary Architects Network.


Church was destroyed in 1995.


Materials donated by a number of companies. Skin - corrugated poly-carbonate sheeting. 58 paper tubes in elipse - based on Bernini's churches. Tube spacing widens at entrance. Facade fully glazed to form continuous space indoors & outdoors. Disassembled 2005 & sent to Taiwan.


Peter Zumthor
Thermal Baths
Vals, Switzerland
1996
Peter Zumthor
Thermal Baths
Vals, Switzerland
1996

Alvaro Siza
Faculty of Architecture
University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
1996
Alvaro Siza
Faculty of Architecture
University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
1996

Outdoor environment.


Series of blocks with promenades between.


Placed along river in a layout that could allude to the Acropolis.


More attention was paid to shape than materiality.




Mecanoo
Library, University of Technology
Delft, The Netherlands
1997
Mecanoo
Library, University of Technology
Delft, The Netherlands
1997

Existing buildings created unwelcoming environment - response was to create a 'landscape building'.


Reading room sheltered under glass slope.


White cone protrudes from centre, marking the library and allowing light in.


Peter Zumthor
Kunsthaus (Art Museum)
Bregenz, Austria
1997

Frank Gehry
Guggenheim Museum
Bilbao, Basque Region, Spain
1997

Situated on river edge.


Shapes developed with aeronautical software. Alludes to landscapes - narrow passageway is the gorge, curved walkways and water features allude to the river.


Boosted Bilbao's economy and the phrase 'Bilbao effect' emerged.


MVRDV (Maas, van Rijs, de Vries)
WoZoCo’s Apartments
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
1997
MVRDV (Maas, van Rijs, de Vries)
WoZoCo’s Apartments
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
1997

Commissioned to extend the existing elderly home apartment block. Didn't want detract from the garden city's greenery.


Hung extra 13 units to the building. The original buildings thick walls for soundproofing made the cantilevering possible. Planted flower gardens to encourage the elderly to go outside.


UN Studio
Möbius House
Utrecht, The Netherlands
1998
UN Studio
Möbius House
Utrecht, The Netherlands
1998

Designed for 2 clients who work at home. Shared & separate spaces.


Loosely based on mobius strip - spaces arranged on continuous loop.


Concrete & glass exterior overlap into furniture & partitions.


Connects sun/ time of day to occupant's movement.


Renzo Piano Building Workshop
Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre
Noumèa, New Caledonia
1998

Locals helped to replicate indigenous Kanak structures.


Tall, tapering, ribbed structures. Used wood that will weather to the same colour as traditional palm materials.


Named after independence leader killed by Kanak extremists.


Daniel Libeskind
Jewish Museum
Berlin, Germany
1999

Won 1st place - Architect of trauma. To ensure the Holocaust isn't forgotten. Absence, memory, loss. Lightning bolt plan diverts around trees. Creates sharp angles - relates to violent history. Underground passage plays with emotion - not knowing where you are.


Foster & Partners
The Reichstag (New German Parliament)
Berlin, Germany
1999

Reconstruction


Peeled back plasterboard and graffiti left by soviet soldiers revealed 19th century interiors.


Added a glass cupola which was crucial to lighting & ventilation strategies.


Rafael Moneo
Kursaal Auditorium and Congress Centre
San Sebastiàn, Basque Reigon, Spain
2000
Rafael Moneo
Kursaal Auditorium and Congress Centre
San Sebastiàn, Basque Reigon, Spain
2000

2 volumes stand facing out to sea & point back to mountains.


Look like two icebergs - curved glass facades, rippled light.


Appears frozen during the day, and set alight during the night.


Mountain & beach vies are revealed throughout the building.


Renzo Piano Building Workshop
Aurora Place Office Tower and Macquarie Apartments, Sydney, Australia
2000

Sail shapes establish dialogue with Sydney Opera House.


16 stories residential & 40 stories office tower.


Terracotta clad walls divide the apartments, connecting the core with the ground - a metaphorical link to the earth.


Herzog & de Meuron
Tate Gallery of Modern Art
Bankside, London
2000

Former power station.


Large scale installations take place in turbine hall - physical & metaphorical heart of building.


Added glazed light box to top of chimney where restaurant is situated.


Toyo Ito & Associates
Sendai Mediatheque
Miyagi
2001
Toyo Ito & Associates
Sendai Mediatheque
Miyagi
2001

Flexible to accommodate programmatic change.


Plate, tube, & transparent skin.


Different lighting & furniture for each floor.


Similar materials from street to form inside/outside relationship.


Daniel Libeskind
Eighteen Turns, Temporary Café Pavilion
Serpentine Gallery, Kensington Gardens, London, UK 2001

Only had 3 months to build - half the usual time. Was made flat packed for a quick build. Easily transportable & bought by an Irish property director. Aluminium & rivets. Short budget - relied on free stuff & donations. Simplistic look, but intricately designed like origami.


Toyo Ito & Associates
Serpentine Gallery Pavillion 2002
London, UK
2002
Toyo Ito & Associates
Serpentine Gallery Pavillion 2002
London, UK
2002

Triangular trapezoid forms, generated by algorithm. Structure appears random, but is a typical structure masked by overlaying more and more until unclear.


Foster & Partners
Swiss Re (‘the Gherkin’)
London, UK
2003

Circular plan that widens from the ground, then tapers off at the apex to respond to site.


Aerodynamic form - wind flows around the building.


London's first large scale environmental building - naturally ventilated.


Eduardo Souto de Moura
Braga Football Stadium
Braga, Portuga
2003
Eduardo Souto de Moura
Braga Football Stadium
Braga, Portuga
2003

Renzo Piano Building Workshop
Nasher Sculpture Centre
Dallas, Texas, USA
2003

5 equal sized pavilions with stone walls & glass barrel vaulted roofs. The glass has low iron content to make it clear as possible as sculptures require a high level of lighting. Most of site garden - provides calm to downtown Dallas.


Herzog & de Meuron
Prada Store
Tokyo, Japan
2003
Herzog & de Meuron
Prada Store
Aoyama, Tokyo, Japan
2003

Situated in Harajuku - Japan's hub for street fashion & couture.


Concave & convex glass panels.


Mostly clear except at changing rooms.


Tubular steel grid provides the primary structure.


Zaha Hadid
Lois and Richard Rosenthal Centre for Contemporary Art
Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
2003

Stacked boxes express the densely clustered gallery volumes. Extended ground plane curves up at the back to become the back wall. This leads visitors up a suspended mezzanine ramp to the galley spaces.


Santiago Calatrava
Athens Olympic Sports Complex
Athens, Greece
2004

Renovated in 2004 for the Olympics - Calatrava added the roof - positioned by hydraulics.


The stadium is now abandoned and neglected, with plants growing in the stands & field. Calatrava's roof has began to rust.


Toyo Ito & Associates
Tod's Omotesando Building
Shibuya-ku, Tokyo
2004
Toyo Ito & Associates
Tod's Omotesando Building
Shibuya-ku, Tokyo
2004

Criss-crossed concrete braces. Took a tree silhouette as it had structural logic - thick at bottom for strength, but opens up at top which allows light into top floors.


Mimics trees on street.


Concrete braces also serve as room dividers throughout the building.


The branching pattern was also based on Ito's serpentine pavilion.




Toyo Ito & Associates
Forum for Music, Dance and Visual Culture
Ghent, Belgium
2004
Toyo Ito & Associates
Forum for Music, Dance and Visual Culture
Ghent, Belgium
2004

Derived from biological form - double curves give strength. Looks futuristic, but yet like the primitive homes of early humans - caves.


Ito wanted a public space where people could feel at home. The different rooms (rehearsal, studios, workshops, labs) interfere and entangle.


Herzog & de Meuron
Forum 2004 Exhibition and Assembly Building
Barcelona, Spain
2004

Blue triangle - 'sponge saturated with water' blends with sky & Mediterranean sea.


Lifted off ground, supported by concrete columns. Creates permeable public space that serves as entrance.


Courtyards with open spaces to let in light. Reflective materials - mirrored glass, gold steel plates.


Enric Miralles: EMBT Architects
Scottish Parliament
Edinburgh, Scotland
2004

Herzog & de Meuron
De Young Museum
San Francisco, California, USA
2005

The goal is for the building to become part of the landscape and honour the previous museum destroyed in an earthquake.


Facade is copper with holes punctured through for a screen effect. This represents light filtering through a tree. The material will weather into a green that will blend with the environment.


The twisted tower is to make the museum a modern monument that will honour the previous museum.


Zaha Hadid
Phaeno Science Centre
Wolfsburg, Germany
2005
Aimed to create a 'complex, dynamic and fluid' space.

Artificial hills & valleys below the main elevated structure.


Crater-like museum floor.


Naturally lit spaces & accessible funnels.


Peter Eisenman
Monument to the Murdered Jews of Europe
Berlin, Germany
2005

Designed for an uneasy atmosphere. Waving paths - loss & disorientation.


Cemetery like - tombstones. Different sizes show uniqueness and sameness of victims. Nameless - captures horror of the Nazi death camps. Underground rooms with names and info despite Eisenman's objections.


Herzog & de Meuron
National Stadium ('Bird’s Nest'
Beijing, China
2007
Herzog & de Meuron
National Stadium ('Bird’s Nest'
Beijing, China
2007

Worked with Ai Wei Wei.


The structure is simple, but is masked by the overlaying of structure so that it appears random and complex.


Simple of both the games and China's modernization.


Peter Zumthor
Kolumba
Colonge, Germany
2007

Peter Zumthor


Kolumba


Cologne, Germany


2007

Cologne city was almost destroyed after WWII. The museum restores the ruins of a late-Gothic church.


Used grey brick to tie in fragments of destroyed buildings from the site.


Perforations allow diffused in that changes with the seasons.


Peter Zumthor
Brother Klaus Field Chapel
Mechernich, Germany
2007

Peter Zumthor


Brother Klaus Field Chapel


Mechernich, Germany


2007

Mystical, thought provoking interior, masked by a rigid exterior. Constructed by local farmers wanting to honour the patron saint.


Layers of concrete poured & rammed on tree trunk wigwam. Wooden frame then burnt out. Hollowed blackened cavity & charred walls. Oculus resembles flare of a star - reference to Brother Klaus' vision in the womb.


UN Studio
Mercedes Benz Museum
Stuttgart, Germany
2001-2006

UN Studio


Mercedes Benz Museum


Stuttgart, Germany


2001-2006

Based on the geometry of a clover. Similar to the Guggenheim's descent down, but has two different paths spiraling down a central atrium. Visitors choose the path at the top and can switch when the paths intersect.


The first houses the car & truck collection, whilst the second goes through the Legend rooms.


Peter Zumthor
St Benedict Chapel
Sumvitg, Switzerland
1985-1988

Peter Zumthor


St Benedict Chapel


Sumvitg, Switzerland


1985-1988

Built on steep slope. Original baroque chapel destroyed by avalanche - due to new parking lot acting as snow ramp.


New chapel protected from avalanche by forest.


The interior is a deep ellipse shape that sharpens out into a corner at one end. With its wooden beams and rafters it is like the hull of a boat. The exterior is clad in wooden shingles - traditional to the area.


MVRDV
Matsudai Snow-land Agrarian Culture Centre
Matsudai, Japan
2003

MVRDV


Matsudai Snow-land Agrarian Culture Centre


Matsudai, Japan


2003

Entrances at ground floor, and winter snow level.


The centre is lifted on four legs to create an area underneath free from snow fall, so performances can take place all year round.


Up on the roof plaza is triangular structures that resemble the snowy mountains and remind people of the snow during the summer.

OMA

Educatorium, University of Utrecht


Utrecht, The Netherlands


1997

New centre of campus - designed so socialization and learning would entwine.


Composed of two planes that join and fold together.


Factory for learning.

OMA

House for a Couple with Three Children


Bordeaux, France


1998

For disabled client - brief was for a complex yet accessible home.


Balanced volumes & voids, buried into ground and reaching up above hill.


3 stacked volumes.


Lower story is intimate like a series of caves in the hillside.

OMA


Prada Flagship Store


576 Broadway, Soho, New York City, USA


2001

Ground floor is ramped like a wooden skate ramp. Other side stepped. Large elevator leads down to basement where majority of merchandise is held.


They wanted to reinvent the experience of the retail store.

OMA and REX
Seattle Central Library
Seattle, Washington, USA
2004

OMA and REX


Seattle Central Library


Seattle, Washington, USA


2004

The trigger for the library's form was a stack of books. Each 'book' becomes a floor. But the library takes it's focus off just the book and houses collections of digital and analogue media as equals. This sets it apart from other libraries. The layout of shelving is continuous among the floors - this is best for organizing the Dewey Decimal System.

OMA


Casa da Música


Porto, Portugal


2005

Design was originally for a house, but they took out the extra rooms (bedrooms) which left interesting voids throughout the form.


The architects & engineers had a good relationship throughout the project and designed together.


Engineer made the walls thin so the building was not strong, then added extra stability so just strong enough - different approach.


Slanted columns were then added in working in tension.

OMA


Central Chinese Television Headquarters (CCTV)


Beijing, China


2008

Alternative to the exhausted skyscraper typology. Visible from most of Beijing.


Structure is knit tighter where more strength is needed, and loosely placed where less loads are acting on the building.

OMA


The Interlace


Singapore


2013

Contemporary living in tropical environment. Stacked horizontal towers - alternative to the default vertical residential typology in Singapore. Bringing outdoor spaces into play - greenery & swimming pools.

Toyo Ito & Associates
I-Project
Fukuoka, Japan
2005

Toyo Ito & Associates


I-Project


Fukuoka, Japan


2005

Kazuyo Sejima & Associates


Small House


Tokyo, Japan


2000

Compact site in dense area.


Resembles industrial flue.


Draws warm air up & discharges at top.


Sloping facade accommodates clients van.


Glass & galvanized steel.


Twists and turns to make most of site.

Kazuyo Sejima & Associates


House in a Plum Grove


Setagaya-ku, Tokyo


2004

SANAA


21st Century Museum of Contemporary Art


Kanazawa, Japan


2004

Kengo Kuma & Associates
Ando Hiroshige Museum
Bato, Tochigi, Japan 
2000

Kengo Kuma & Associates


Ando Hiroshige Museum


Bato, Tochigi, Japan


2000

Hiroshige's 'Rain on travelers' uses fine lines to portray rain. Translated into building as entire museum made from individual sticks of cedar wood. Mountain views can still be seen from the slatted walls - Hiroshige's work often depicted nature.

Riken Yamamoto & Field Shop
Saitama Prefectural University
Koshigawa, Saitama
1999

Riken Yamamoto & Field Shop


Saitama Prefectural University


Koshigawa, Saitama


1999

2 parallel building tracts with platform between, containing courtyards and walkways.


Design to encourage interrelationships between departments.

Tezuka Architects
Roof House
Kanagawa
2000

Tezuka Architects


Roof House


Kanagawa


2000

Sou Fujimoto
T House
Maebashi, Gumma
2005

Sou Fujimoto


T House


Maebashi, Gumma


2005

Atelier Bow-Wow


Mini House


Tokyo


1999

Small site, dense suburb.


Eastern volume protrudes out but allows car park underneath. Natural light is let in from the South, where new developments can't compromise the sun path.


Coined 'pet architecture' - squeezed into left over urban space. Short lifespan - site will be developed into a new road, so cheap materials were used.

Klein Dytham Architecture
Leaf Chapel 
Kobuchizawa, Yamanashi
2004

Klein Dytham Architecture


Leaf Chapel


Kobuchizawa, Yamanashi


2004

AAT + Makoto Yokomizo Architects
Tomihiro Art Museum 
Watarese, Gumma
2005

AAT + Makoto Yokomizo Architects


Tomihiro Art Museum


Watarese, Gumma


2005

Multiple circle rooms made from thin steel plates. The movement is free & non-hierarchical. Metaphor for the internet - bunch of pages, you can move from one to the other.


Different character in each room.


Domino house > Mediateque > Tomihiro - circles get bigger!

Erick van Egeraat
ING Bank & National Nederland Building
Budapest, Hungary
1994

Erick van Egeraat


ING Bank & National Nederland Building


Budapest, Hungary


1994

Cesar Pelli & Associates


Petronas Towers


Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia


1998

Tallest building in 1996.


Bridge challenge for engineers.


Repetitive geometries characteristic of Muslim architecture - plan 8 pt. star, screens.

C.Y. Lee & Partners
Taipei 101
Taipei, Taiwan
2004

C.Y. Lee & Partners


Taipei 101


Taipei, Taiwan


2004

World's tallest in 2004.


Tuned mass damper - resists typhoons & earthquakes.


Has LEED platinum certification.


Postmodernist approach to style - curled ruyi motifs.


Series of 8 clusters, of 8 floors.


8 lucky number of prosperity.

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (Adrian Smith)


Burj Dubai


Dubai, United Arab Emirates


2010

Currently the tallest building. Construction was started before design was finalized to be cost effective. Used the idea behind the Willis tower.


Islamic motif plan.


Buttressed core - dealing with the sideways forces.

Daniel Libeskind (original design);


Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (current design)


One World Trade Centre


New York City, New York


2014 (unfinished)

Frank Gehry


Walt Disney Concert Hall


Los Angeles, California, USA


2003

Funded by monetary gift by widow Lily Disney.


Concert hall in middle - timber walls and sail like ceiling are expression of acoustic parameters.


Convex outside, concave inside.

Steven Holl


Dancing House (a.k.a Nationale-Nederlanden Building, and Fred and Ginger)


Prague, Czech Republic


1996

Gehry's take on merging building with surrounding context.


Flat windows are used on a curved building to save money - become cutting planes.

Steven Holl
Y House 
Catskill Mountains, New York
2002

Steven Holl


Y House


Catskill Mountains, New York


2002

View orientated.


Climate allows deep southern facing glazing & balconies.


Living spaces are upstairs, bedrooms are more private enclosed downstairs.


The red iron-oxide & stained cedar represents the bark in the area.

Steven Holl


Simmons Hall (student accommodation)


Massachusetts Institute of Technolgy (MIT)


CAmbride, Massachusetts, USA


2002

Plays with scale - each room has 9 small windows, which make each floor appear as 3 from the outside.


Multistory shapes are carved out. Act as building's 'lungs' allowing air ventilation. Also inter-connects the floors and encourages students to wander around & meet people.


Diller + Scofidio

Blur Building


Lake Neuchatel, Switzerland


2002

Architecture of atmosphere.


Structure sits above the lake on four columns.


Lake water is filtered and shot as mist, masking the whole structure. You can't see or hear except for 'white-out' & 'white-noise'. There is nothing to see but the dependence on vision itself. The water is the site, material, and culinary treat - visitors like to drink the mist.

Diller, Scofidio + Renfro


The High Line


New York City, New York


2009



Derelict Manhattan freight line was to be destroyed. Made into urban park. Exhibits the city - you can see statue of liberty, Hudson river etc. Benches made out of rail & wildflower gardens.