Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sleep stage: awake, eyes open
EEG waveform? |
Beta - high frequency, low amplitude
|
|
Sleep stage: awake, eyes closed
EEG waveform? |
alpha
|
|
Stage 1 sleep
EEG waveform? % of time? |
theta
5% |
|
Stage 2 sleep
EEG waveform? % of time? |
Sleep spindles and K complexes
45% |
|
Bruxism
|
grinding of teeth
occurs in Stage 2 sleep |
|
Stage 3 sleep
EEG waveform? % of time? |
delta - low frequency, high amplitude
25% |
|
Stage 3 sleep
pathology? |
sleepwalking
night terrors bedwetting |
|
REM sleep
waveform? % time? |
Beta
25% |
|
paramedian pontine reticular formation
|
aka conjugate gaze center
source of extraocular movements during REM sleep |
|
NE and REM sleep
|
NE reduces REM sleep
|
|
primary REM sleep neurotransmitter?
|
ACh
|
|
REM sleep timing
|
every 90 minutes
stages increase in duration throughout night |
|
sleep patterns in depression (6)
|
decreased slow-wave sleep
decreased REM latency more REM early in cycle more total REM repeated awakenings early-morning awakenings |
|
hypnopompic hallucinations
|
hallucinations before awakening
occur in narcolepsy |
|
hypnogogic hallucinations
|
hallucinations before falling asleep
occur in narcolepsy |
|
narcolepsy and REM
|
sleep episodes begin with REM
|
|
narcolepsy treatment
|
stimulants (amphetamines, modafinil)
sodium oxybate (GHB) |
|
driver of circadian rhythm
|
suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus
|
|
melatonin release pathway
|
SCN --> NE --> pineal gland --> melatonin
|
|
slow-wave sleep
|
stage 3 sleep
delta waves |
|
sleep terror disorder
|
occurs during slow-wave sleep
no memories formed triggers: stress, fever, exhaustion |