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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How can all fungi be identified?
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microscopy, KOH digestion, and simple staining
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What are the 3 kinds of fungal infections?
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superficial, cutaneous, and subcutaneous
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T or F: superficial fungal infections produce inflammation.
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false
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What fungus causes pityriasis versicolor?
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malassezia furfur
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What do malassezia furfur use for food?
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sebum and sweat
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What is the most common superficial fungal infection?
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pityriasis versicolor
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What fungus causes tinea nigra?
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exophiala werneckii
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What fungus causes black piedra? White piedra?
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piedraia hortae, trichosporon beigelli
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T or F: cutaneous fungal infections cause inflammation?
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true
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Tineas are also known as what?
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dermatophytoses
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Tineas are mainly caused by what 3 fungi?
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trichophyton, epidermophyton, and microsporum
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What do cutaneous dermatophytes use for food?
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keratin
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Where do superficial and cutaneous fungi grow?
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dead layer of skin
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Superficial fungal infections include what 4 diseases?
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pityriasis versicolor, tinea nigra, and black and white pedras
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T or F: subcutaneous fungal infections are common.
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false
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What diseases are seen in cutaneous fungal infections?
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tineas
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What 3 diseases are seen in subcutaneous fungal infections?
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chromoblastomycosis, sporotrichosis, and mycetoma
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What 3 organisms cause chromoblastomycosis?
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fonsecaea, cladosporium, and phialophora
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What organism causes sporotrichosis?
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sporothrix schenckii
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What 2 organisms cause mycetoma?
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pseudoallescheria and madurella
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How can pityriasis versicolor be prevented?
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daily showers
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What occurence will usually makes pityriasis versicolor apparent?
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sunburn or tanning
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Malassezia furfur is what kind of fungus?
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lipophilic yeast
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Malassezia furfur can also be seen in what disease other than pityriasis versicolor?
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seborrheic dermatitis
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What is the treatment for pityriasis versicolor or cradle cap?
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1. topical itraconazole or ketoconazole
2. shampoos: selsun blue, head and shoulders 3. salicylic acid |
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What are brown-black macular lesions usually on hands and/or feet? (fungal)
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tinea nigra
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Tinea nigra may resemble what other disease?
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melanoma
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What are brown-black pigmented yeasts? Where are they found?
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exophiala werneckii; found in soil and on shower curtains
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What are diseases that are caused by unrelated dark pigmented fungi?
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phaeohyphomycoses
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How is tinea nigra treated?
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1. salicylic acid
2. benzoic acid (whitfield's ointment) |
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What disease has the fungus using keratin in hair as a nutrient and forms nodules?
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black or white piedra (named according to nodule color)
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Where would you find black piedra?
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tropical areas (seen in US)
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Where would you find white piedra?
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tropical areas (not seen in US)
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What is the best treatment for black or white piedra?
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shaving the head; antifungals are secondary treatment method
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T or F: dermatophytoses are communicable?
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true
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What is the most common tinea seen in the US?
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trichophyton rubrum
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Which tinea shows concentric rings of scale over trunk, legs, and forearms and can be "bulls-eye" shaped?
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tinea imbricate
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What tinea can take a "moccasin pattern"?
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tinea pedis
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What disease is also known as favus?
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tinea capitis
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What disease presents as either endothrix or ectothrix?
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tinea capitis
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What is endothrix?
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conidia inside of hair shaft
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What is ectothrix?
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conidia outside of hair shaft
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Why can tinea capitis occur so rapidly?
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inflammatory response and hair infection combine synergistically
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T or F: tinea barbae can be transferred from dogs.
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true
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What is another name for tinea unguium?
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onychomycosis
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What are the general treatments for cutaneous fungal infections?
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azole therapy, tolnaftate; terbinafine is d.o.c. for tinea unguium; griseofulvin is toxic w/chronic use
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What lesion is described as a wart-like, cauliflower, pigmented lesion, usually on the foot?
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chromoblastomycosis
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What is the typical course of subcutaneous fungal infection?
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months to years
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Chromoblastomycosis is associated with what microscopy?
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copper penny spores
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What disease is commonly referred to as "rose thorn disease?"
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sporotrichosis
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What lesion is an ulcerative papule, spread via draining lymph channels, and inclusive of nodular granulomas?
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sporotrichosis
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What is the most common subcutaneous fungal infection in the US?
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sporotrichosis
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What is the treatment for subcutaneous fungal infections?
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oral potassium iodide and itraconazole (d.o.c.)
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What is a mycetoma also known as?
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madura foot
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How does mycetoma enter the body?
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common in thorns and splinters
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Mycetoma can lead to destruction of what tissue over prolonged period?
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bone
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What are the most common organisms seen in mycetoma?
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madurella and pseudoallescheria boydii
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What would be the treatment if mycetoma were allowed to grow for too long?
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amputation
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Which fungus looks like spaghetti and meatballs under the microscope?
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malassezia furfur
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Yeasts commonly grow at what temperature? Hyphae?
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37 C; 25C
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Which form of malassezia furfur grows closest to the skin?
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yeast form
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T or F: malassezia furfur will flouresce under wood's lamp.
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true
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What are ids?
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papules distant from lesion site seen commonly in cutaneous fungal infections
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What are brown or black-pigmented yeast-like organisms as seen under the microscope?
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copper penny spores
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What portion of sebaceous glands is inhibitory for fungal growth?
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FA's and TG's
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In what disease would you see an asteroid body?
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sporotrichosis
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Which form of fungus is present in sporotrichosis related asteroid bodies?
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yeast form; sunburst is the budding yeast
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